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EDTA, and electroblotted onto positively charged nylon membranes. The chemiluminescence detection of digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probes was conducted by following the instruction provided by the Roche Molecular Biochemicals. Transcription factor activity

signaling pathways including AP-1 and STAT, a number of predicted interaction sites for transcription factors associated with pancreas development. These include the homeo-domain transcription factor PDX-1, inactivation of which results in agenesis of the

deletion analysis and transcription factor-binding site analysis, GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1) was identified as a transcription factor most relevant to the HSD3B2 gene expression after cells were incubated with baicalin. To further confirm these results

leading to cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factors, such as cAMP-response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor-1 (ATF1) ( Carlone & Richards 1997 , Conti 2002

immunohistochemistry (IHC) Genes with more than twofold change in their expression levels were tabulated and grouped by their general functions (Tables 3 –5 ). Among these are cytokines, transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, genes that regulate ion

transcription factors ( Tsai & Omalley 1994 , Mangelsdorf et al . 1995 , Aoyagi & Archer 2008 ). Steroid hormone receptors play essential roles in numerous biological processes, such as homeostasis, metabolism, cell growth, and development ( Tsai & Omalley

Introduction Paired box (PAX) genes encode a family of transcription factors that are involved in the development of various tissues during early embryogenesis in vertebrates. They are known to possess paired domain and derived their name by

wide range of transcription factors involved in cellular energy metabolism. By regulating the activities of these transcription factors, PGC-1α acts as a molecular switch for multiple cellular processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis and

-Kit and the transcription factors PDX-1 and Ngn3 at the mRNA level. With the addition of the growth factor HGF, the monolayers had increased expression of insulin and glucagon mRNA, a 6.5- and 2-fold increase respectively in comparison with control

complexes through interactions with a large repertoire of transcription factors and components of basal transcription machinery ( Chan & La Thangue 2001 , Vo & Goodman 2001 ). The intrinsic acetyltransferase activity of p300 augments the activation of gene