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adipose tissue, α1 subunit is the dominant catalytic isoform expressed in bone, suggesting that it may play a major function in skeletal metabolism. Using both RT-PCR and western blot analysis, it was shown that α1 subunit is highly expressed in bone
BUL 457, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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). Increased marrow adiposity in AN is associated with lower aBMD ( Bredella et al . 2009 ), consistent with the reports of a reciprocal relationship between marrow fat and bone in studies of healthy children and adults ( Lewiecki et al . 2008 ). Preadipocyte
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1 deficient. In ‘BMKO’ animals, WT recipients received Hsd11b1 −/− bone marrow, resulting in Hsd11b1 −/− neutrophils and WT radio-resistant host tissue. Chimeric animals were housed under pathogen-free conditions in individually ventilated cages
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Kinderklinik UK‐Essen, The University of Duisburg‐Essen, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Kinderklinik UK‐Essen, The University of Duisburg‐Essen, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Kinderklinik UK‐Essen, The University of Duisburg‐Essen, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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. ( doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6719.230 ) Motyl KJ McCabe LR 2009 Leptin treatment prevents type I diabetic marrow adiposity but not bone loss in mice . Journal of Cellular Physiology 218 376 – 384 . ( doi:10.1002/jcp.21608 ) Ogden CL Carroll MD
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( Camilleri & Acosta 2018 ), such as reducing fat synthesis and increasing energy expenditure in key metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue. Adipose tissue can be further divided into white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue, which are distinct in form and
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. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is by far the most common form of DM and is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia mostly caused by insulin resistance (IR) in peripheral tissues such as the liver and muscle. The aetiology of bone
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, Hong et al. 2022 ). Sclerostin also plays an important role in the regulation of bone marrow adiposity and bone marrow adipose tissue (reviewed by Holdsworth et al. 2019 ). Furthermore, sclerostin indirectly affects bone resorption by upregulating
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bony effect of fat is particularly evident in the bone marrow milieu of aging and osteoporotic subjects, which shows high adiposity and decreased osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation ( Rodriguez et al . 1999 , Verma et al . 2002 , Rosen
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( Pparγ ( Pparg )), which promotes adipogenesis (Nishii et al . 2008). Nishii et al . (2008) demonstrated that treatment of immortalised bone marrow stromal cells (TBR31-2) with the Pparγ agonist troglitazone resulted in a marked decrease in
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-HSD1 is indeed cell-specific but also subject to dramatic changes in expression level. Examples of tissues/cell types that express 11β-HSD1 at a significant level include liver and adipose tissue, various cells within skin, osteoblasts (bone