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reproductive biology, including development and function of the reproductive tracts, germ cell development and maturation, fertilization and early embryo development (reviewed in Luense et al . 2011 , Hilz et al . 2016 ). The recent findings that microRNAs

deficits in experimental animals and humans. Several observations indicated that TH uptake might be facilitated by different types of transporters. This was recently confirmed by the molecular identification of TH-transporting proteins ( Jansen et al

2 and thus participates in transport processes. The biological activity in epithelial cells for COX-1 is indicated by the fact that the expression pattern of COX-1 is upregulated at the time when the embryo stays in the oviduct. So it is suggested

pharyngeal floor in the early embryo and undergoes three main stages of growth and differentiation: pre-colloid, colloid, and follicular ( Brown 2004 , Santisteban 2013 ). The follicular structural development of the thyroid gland coincides with the

Introduction In the early development of mammalian embryos, fertilized eggs differentiate into an inner cell mass (ICM) and an outer trophectoderm (TE), from which ICM develops into the embryo as well as the amnion, yolk sac and allantois

al. 1989 , 1993 ) as well as accumulating evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that the early life environment, including the in utero environment experienced by the embryo/fetus, also influences health and

committee. After slaughter of ewes, the reproductive tracts were collected immediately and transported to the laboratory, and the CL were dissected from the surrounding ovarian tissue. The CL was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at −80 °C until

initiated within a low oxygen environment ( Patel et al . 2010 ). It is under these conditions where the trophectoderm, the outer layer of the blastocyst (early embryo), begins to grow and differentiate, forming the cytotrophoblastic shell ( James et al

gestation do not reach the maternal levels, most probably reflecting the immaturity of the T 4 to T 3 conversion process. TH transport to the brain Thyroid hormones are amphipathic molecules, i.e., contain polar residues soluble in water and non

is a substrate of AKT, is essential for the growth and proliferation of early mouse embryonic stem cells ( Gangloff et al . 2004 , Murakami et al . 2004 ). Embryos that are MTOR deficient die shortly after implantation as a result of impaired cell