), lower cellular ATP, impaired ATP-dependent potassium (K ATP ) channel closure, and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS; Chan et al. 2001 , Lee et al. 2004 ). Polymorphisms in the ucp2 promoter that increase its transcription are
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Monique C Saleh, Michael B Wheeler, and Catherine B Chan
Martha Lappas, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, and Michael Permezel
Introduction Placental glucose uptake and transport is paramount for foetal growth and development ( Hay 2006 , Jansson & Powell 2007 ). In the absence of significant foetal gluconeogenesis ( Kalhan & Parimi 2000 ), for appropriate growth and
W S Zawalich, H Yamazaki, K C Zawalich, and G Cline
Introduction In response to sustained square-wave stimulation by high glucose concentrations, rat pancreatic islets studied using the perfused pancreas preparation or perifused islets exhibit a robust, biphasic insulin secretory
Taira Wada, Yukiko Yamamoto, Yukiko Takasugi, Hirotake Ishii, Taketo Uchiyama, Kaori Saitoh, Masahiro Suzuki, Makoto Uchiyama, Hikari Yoshitane, Yoshitaka Fukada, and Shigeki Shimba
et al. 1999 ). Because adiponectin is a crucial factor in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, reduced adiponectin levels play a causal role in the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome
Stuart A Lanham, Dominique Blache, Richard O C Oreffo, Abigail L Fowden, and Alison J Forhead
.0 ± 0.5 10.0 ± 0.5 NS P < 0.05 NS Insulin (ng/mL) 0.30 ± 0.06 0.05 ± 0.01 b 0.34 ± 0.17 0.04 ± 0.01 b P < 0.005 NS NS Glucose (mmol/L) 0.71 ± 0.08 1.02 ± 0.09 0.73 ± 0.13 1.49 ± 0.32 b P
Anthony J Weinhaus, Laurence E Stout, Nicholas V Bhagroo, T Clark Brelje, and Robert L Sorenson
Introduction To accommodate the increased demand for insulin during pregnancy, pancreatic islets of Langerhans undergo structural and functional changes leading to increased insulin release under normal glucose homeostasis ( Parsons
Xiuli Men, Liang Peng, Haiyan Wang, Wenjian Zhang, Shiqing Xu, Qing Fang, Honglin Liu, Wenying Yang, and Jinning Lou
Introduction Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are main characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chronic high glucose, free fatty acids, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been found to be toxic to pancreatic β-cells and
Ashley Patton, Tyler Church, Caroline Wilson, Jean Thuma, Douglas J Goetz, Darlene E Berryman, Edward O List, Frank Schwartz, and Kelly D McCall
prevent and/or reverse HF diet-induced hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation as well as hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Materials and methods Phenylmethimazole (C10) solutions
Chaoyi Zhang, Qianli Zhang, Zhihong Huang, and Quan Jiang
tissues of mice ( Kumar et al. 2008 ) and fish ( Lian et al. 2016 ). The liver is an essential tissue for maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis, and its metabolic processes are tightly regulated by neuronal and hormonal systems ( Rui 2014
Irene Andrés-Blasco, Andrea Herrero-Cervera, Ángela Vinué, Sergio Martínez-Hervás, Laura Piqueras, María Jesús Sanz, Deborah Jane Burks, and Herminia González-Navarro
increasing at an alarming rate due to population aging and to sedentary lifestyle patterns ( Wild et al . 2004 ). Metabolic alterations that define MetS include insulin resistance (IR), abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia
