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South Australian Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Academy for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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). GNAS was the first gene found to harbour driver mutations in PAs. In 1989, Landis et al. categorised eight PA operative specimens from acromegalic patients as having low or high adenylyl cyclase activity. The authors hypothesised that constitutive
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granulosa cells ( Pellatt et al. 2011 ), since AMH did not alter Fshr transcript abundance, albeit we cannot exclude that it could have affected FSHR protein levels. However, one can hypothesize that AMH could inhibit FSH-stimulated adenylyl cyclase
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Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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selectivity and allows cells to modify their responses by the restricted organization of downstream target mediators, such as adenylyl cyclases (ACs), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), PKA and Epac ( Ostrom & Insel 2004 , Insel et al. 2005 ). Thus, depletion of
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Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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of stimulatory G protein (Gs) and elevation of intracellular cAMP levels resulting from activation of adenylyl cyclase. In the meantime, cAMP could also be secreted out of the cells and function as a paracrine or endocrine molecule ( Northrop & Parks
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-potentiated GSIS in INS-832/13 cells. As demonstrated in Fig. 3 A, BBT (20 μM) increased intracellular cAMP with 16.8 mM glucose. Accordingly, we determined whether cAMP was essential for the BBT-potentiated GSIS. In the assay, MDL-12,330A (an adenylyl cyclase (AC
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). Most of the TSH effects are mediated by cAMP via an adenylyl cyclase-activating Gα protein, although at higher concentrations the TSH stimulates inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate generation in human thyroid cells ( Van Sande et al . 2006 ). A key role for
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involving membrane-bound receptors like GPR30, resulting in the activation of adenylyl cyclases and MAPKs ( Filardo et al . 2002 ). In addition, Teplyuk et al . (2008) describe a direct role for Runx2 in G-protein-coupled signaling for controlling growth
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unlikely to involve the Ca 2+ -sensitive, isoform III, of adenylyl cyclase found in WFA ( Wang et al. 2009 ) since changes in Ca 2+ influx do not affect adipocyte cAMP levels under basal conditions ( Ziegler et al. 1980 ). However, adipocyte
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injected peripherally ( Holscher 2011 ). Figure 2 Overview of the main pathways induced by GLP-1 in neurons. The GLP-1 receptor is a member of a different classes of receptors compared with the IR. Activation of the GLP-1R activates an adenylyl cyclase and
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on the adenylyl cyclase – cAMP – PKA pathway In the presence of a ligand, membrane surface Gs protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) replace GDP with GTP, leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase with consequent increased levels of cAMP. cAMP effects are