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. 2005 ) and is readily measurable in plasma ( Prickett et al . 2001 ) has opened up new approaches to assessing CNP's paracrine actions and role in skeletal biology. For example, the plasma concentration of NTproCNP and markers of bone formation
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study has been attributed to the different routes of administration of the estrogen, the cause of the difference could well be the action of testosterone. As an index of increased bone formation, an increase in serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Département de Mathématiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Départements de Médecine et de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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oxidation in muscle cells ( Mera et al . 2016 ). Bone histomorphometric studies have shown that children and adolescents with OI have increased rates of bone formation and resorption ( Rauch et al . 2000 , 2010 ). Similarly, several mouse models of OI
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Introduction The development of bones is a result of endochondral bone formation that occurs at the epiphyseal growth plate through a process whereby cartilage is formed and then remodeled into bone tissue. This complex process is regulated by
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mechanisms affecting bone formation and resorption in the vertebrae and the femur are likely to be different. PTH stimulates PTH1R to increase intracellular cAMP, which in turn activates PKA leading to phosphorylation of the cAMP-response element
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development. For example, global Igf1 gene deletion causes a dramatic skeletal phenotype characterized by impaired bone formation and bone resorption ( Liu et al . 1993 , Bikle et al . 2001 , He et al . 2006 , Wang et al . 2006 ). Conditional targeted
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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known to activate multiple transcription factors important in bone formation ( Kanczler et al. 1998 ). The importance of oxidants as signaling molecules suggests, therefore, that global inhibition of oxidation with antioxidant supplementation might
Clinical Research Centers, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, New York, USA
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Clinical Research Centers, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, New York, USA
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(hPTH1–84) secretion, decreased bone formation and increased bone-resorption markers ( Cosman et al. 1991 ). Chen et al. (2003) compared bone mass and structure among patients with hyper- and hypoparathyroidism and control subjects by dual-energy X
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Abstract
Although short-term administration of oestradiol-17β (OE2) stimulates cancellous bone formation in the rat, this is replaced by a tendency to suppression after prolonged treatment. Hence, in rats rendered osteopaenic by ovariectomy, OE2 administration fails either to induce a sustained increase in bone formation or to restore bone volume. A possible explanation for this failure is that OE2 also inhibits bone resorption, secondarily suppressing bone formation through coupling mechanisms. We therefore investigated whether the effects of OE2 treatment might be modified by intermittently stimulating bone resorption with retinoic acid (120mg/kg daily) for 4 out of every 20 days. We found, in a preliminary experiment using intact animals, that intermittent retinoic acid reduced cancellous bone volume, consistent with previously documented stimulation of bone resorption by retinoic acid. Rats were then rendered osteopaenic by ovariectomy, and given vehicle, retinoic acid and/or OE2. We found that animals treated with intermittent retinoic acid and OE2 showed a substantial increase in cancellous bone volume compared with ovariectomized animals treated with vehicle, retinoic acid alone or OE2 alone. Therefore, intermittent retinoic acid appears to cause a net increase in bone formation over resorption when given to ovariectomized animals in conjunction with OE2. We conclude that the effects of OE2 on cancellous bone are modified by intermittent treatment with retinoic acid, resulting in a substantial increase in bone volume.
Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 61–67
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SUMMARY
1. The retention of a dose of stable strontium given intraperitoneally to rats has been measured after 24 hr.
2. When the total retention is expressed in terms of the amount in the plasma, it provides an estimate of the rate of bone formation.
3. The strontium retention is a function of the age of the rat, but is independent of the sex.
