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Introduction Cholecystokinin (CCK) is considered to be an important hormone in terms of biological effects on food intake and overall energy balance ( Rehfeld 2011 ). CCK was first isolated from porcine duodenal mucosa as a 33 amino acid intestinal
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-paracrine regulation of human adrenal growth ( Tortorella et al . 2003 ), while it might exert an indirect role, via ACTH release, on glucocorticoid secretion. Nonendocrine actions Regulation of energy balance, appetite, and body temperature AG promotes a positive
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Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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in the regulation in glucose homeostasis through their differential actions on the liver and endocrine pancreas. They also play important roles in maintaining energy balance by modulating nutrient absorption, mobilization of fat stores from adipose
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School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Clinical Research, Endocrine Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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( Cornford et al . 2011 , 2012 ). In this context, impairments to GH secretion may precede obesity, while contributing to normal endocrine adaptations that minimize the physiological impact of sustained positive energy balance. GH secretion declines
Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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pharmacotherapies for treating obesity, the GLP-1 system may also be a promising target for treating BED and BN ( McElroy et al. 2018 , Richards et al. 2023 ). Here, we briefly discuss the role of GLP-1 in normal energy balance control. We then review evidence
Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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that this line of mice exhibit a specific deletion of the Ir in astrocytes. Using this model, we first examined energy balance and glucose regulation. There were no significant differences in mean bodyweight between Ir KO GFAP and Ir lxop mice
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(WAT) plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis to include insulin sensitivity, appetite control, energy balance, immunity, angiogenesis, blood pressure, and lipid metabolism, by secreting a wide range of bioactive proteins termed ‘adipokines
School of Medicine, Mater Research Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
School of Medicine, Mater Research Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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School of Medicine, Mater Research Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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School of Medicine, Mater Research Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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School of Medicine, Mater Research Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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School of Medicine, Mater Research Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
School of Medicine, Mater Research Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Introduction Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in thermoregulation and energy balance in rodents. Thermogenesis in BAT is achieved by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which dissociates ATP synthesis from the mitochondrial
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interesting new therapeutic perspectives for treating insulin resistance and energy balance disorders ( Tiraby & Langin 2003 , Tiraby et al. 2003 ). We have previously demonstrated robust leptin secretion in brown adipocytes ( Klein et al. 2002 , Kraus
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adiposity in animals, which are normally highly resistant to perturbations in their energy balance, provides a potentially useful model for exploring the phenomenon of leptin resistance. Since many of these annual changes require time to develop, they must