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Laura D Brown Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus F441, 13243 East 23rd Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA

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of birth, defined arbitrarily as birth weight <10% on standard pediatric growth curves ( Battaglia & Lubchenco 1967 ), can result from many causes, one of which is placental insufficiency ( Platz & Newman 2008 ). Placental insufficiency is defined as

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0567
Volume/Issue:
Volume 221: Issue 2
Free access
Motoi Sohmiya Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hematological Oncology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan

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Yuzuru Kato Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hematological Oncology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan

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). Hypopituitarism is often accompanied by normochromic and normocytic anemia. Androgen and thyroid hormones are known to stimulate erythropoiesis ( Alexanian 1969 ). Growth hormone (GH) has a stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis ( Fisher et al. 1964 , Meineke

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05899
Volume/Issue:
Volume 184: Issue 1
Free access
V E MacRae Bone Biology Group, Division of Gene Function and Development, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK

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T Burdon Bone Biology Group, Division of Gene Function and Development, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK

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S F Ahmed Bone Biology Group, Division of Gene Function and Development, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK

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C Farquharson Bone Biology Group, Division of Gene Function and Development, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK

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Introduction Chronic inflammatory diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease often lead to childhood growth retardation through a number of proposed mechanisms that includes nutritional deficiency

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06958
Volume/Issue:
Volume 191: Issue 2
Free access
Pongpan Tanajak Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine

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Siriporn C Chattipakorn Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine

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Nipon Chattipakorn Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine

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Introduction Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are polypeptide chains that have paracrine, autocrine or endocrine functions. The paracrine FGFs are further divided into five subfamilies, whereas the autocrine and endocrine FGFs are composed of one

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-15-0289
Volume/Issue:
Volume 227: Issue 2
Free access
Neele S Dellschaft Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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Marie-Cecile Alexandre-Gouabau Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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David S Gardner Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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Jean-Philippe Antignac Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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Duane H Keisler Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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Helen Budge Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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Michael E Symonds Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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Sylvain P Sebert Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

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, outcomes linked to mechanisms affecting the size at birth ( Barker 1997 , Roseboom et al . 2000 ). In large mammals, including sheep, pigs, and humans, chronic caloric restriction throughout late gestation results in intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0600
Volume/Issue:
Volume 224: Issue 2
Free access
J T Smith School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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A Roseweir Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK

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M Millar Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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I J Clarke Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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R P Millar Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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physiological status to reproduction ( Pineda et al . 2010 a ). Growth hormone (GH) plays a role in normal reproductive function ( Hull & Harvey 2001 , 2002 ) and in metabolic regulation. A substantial number of studies have now reported effects of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0074
Volume/Issue:
Volume 237: Issue 2
Free access
Yao Wang Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Peter K Nicholls Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Peter G Stanton Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Craig A Harrison Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Mai Sarraj Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Robert B Gilchrist Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Jock K Findlay Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Paul G Farnworth Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Introduction The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β or TGFB), superfamily of growth and differentiation factors are dimeric proteins that display a wide range of context-dependent local actions within diverse tissues ( Massague 1998 , Chang et al

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0563
Volume/Issue:
Volume 202: Issue 3
Free access
ANNE STOCKELL HARTREE
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NADA KOVAČIĆ
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MARJORIE THOMAS
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SUMMARY

Human growth hormone prepared by Raben's (1959) method was chromatographed on various ion exchangers and the resulting fractions were assayed for growth-promoting, luteotrophic and immunological activity. A critical quantitative study of the biological activities of the fractions showed that there were significant differences between their ratios of growth-promoting to luteotrophic potency. The luteotrophic activity of some of the preparations was slightly higher than that of the 2nd International Ovine Prolactin Standard.

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0330249
Volume/Issue:
Volume 33: Issue 2
Restricted access
María E Díaz
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Johanna G Miquet
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Soledad P Rossi Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Pablo E Irene
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Ana I Sotelo
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Mónica B Frungieri Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Daniel Turyn
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Lorena González
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Introduction Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates longitudinal bone growth; it induces diverse effects on cell growth and differentiation, and on the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates ( Herrington & Carter

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0447
Volume/Issue:
Volume 221: Issue 2
Free access
A S Chagin Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan

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D Chrysis Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan

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M Takigawa Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan

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E M Ritzen Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan

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L Sävendahl Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan

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Introduction Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the growth plate, a thin layer of chondrocytes between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of long bones, through a process called endochondral ossification, in which cartilage is first

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06364
Volume/Issue:
Volume 188: Issue 2
Free access