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of birth, defined arbitrarily as birth weight <10% on standard pediatric growth curves ( Battaglia & Lubchenco 1967 ), can result from many causes, one of which is placental insufficiency ( Platz & Newman 2008 ). Placental insufficiency is defined as
Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Introduction Chronic inflammatory diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease often lead to childhood growth retardation through a number of proposed mechanisms that includes nutritional deficiency
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). Hypopituitarism is often accompanied by normochromic and normocytic anemia. Androgen and thyroid hormones are known to stimulate erythropoiesis ( Alexanian 1969 ). Growth hormone (GH) has a stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis ( Fisher et al. 1964 , Meineke
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
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Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
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Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
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Introduction Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are polypeptide chains that have paracrine, autocrine or endocrine functions. The paracrine FGFs are further divided into five subfamilies, whereas the autocrine and endocrine FGFs are composed of one
Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Early Life Research Unit, INRA and University of Nantes, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Oniris, Department of Animal Science, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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, outcomes linked to mechanisms affecting the size at birth ( Barker 1997 , Roseboom et al . 2000 ). In large mammals, including sheep, pigs, and humans, chronic caloric restriction throughout late gestation results in intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR
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Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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physiological status to reproduction ( Pineda et al . 2010 a ). Growth hormone (GH) plays a role in normal reproductive function ( Hull & Harvey 2001 , 2002 ) and in metabolic regulation. A substantial number of studies have now reported effects of
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Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Introduction The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β or TGFB), superfamily of growth and differentiation factors are dimeric proteins that display a wide range of context-dependent local actions within diverse tissues ( Massague 1998 , Chang et al
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SUMMARY
Human growth hormone prepared by Raben's (1959) method was chromatographed on various ion exchangers and the resulting fractions were assayed for growth-promoting, luteotrophic and immunological activity. A critical quantitative study of the biological activities of the fractions showed that there were significant differences between their ratios of growth-promoting to luteotrophic potency. The luteotrophic activity of some of the preparations was slightly higher than that of the 2nd International Ovine Prolactin Standard.
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Introduction Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates longitudinal bone growth; it induces diverse effects on cell growth and differentiation, and on the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates ( Herrington & Carter
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Introduction Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the growth plate, a thin layer of chondrocytes between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of long bones, through a process called endochondral ossification, in which cartilage is first