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Jee H Lee Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

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Jamie L Volinic Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

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Constanze Banz Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

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Kwok-Ming Yao Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

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Melissa K Thomas Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

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complexes through interactions with a large repertoire of transcription factors and components of basal transcription machinery ( Chan & La Thangue 2001 , Vo & Goodman 2001 ). The intrinsic acetyltransferase activity of p300 augments the activation of gene

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Gary B Silberstein Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA

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Katharine Van Horn Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA

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Eva Hrabeta-Robinson Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA

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Jennifer Compton Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA

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RANKL. RANKL is the ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) and is induced by progesterone ( Fata et al. 2000 , Brisken et al. 2002 ). Pax-2 is a proto-oncogene transcription factor characterized by a paired domain and

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Tsun-Jui Liu Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hui-Chin Lai Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chih-Tai Ting Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ping H Wang Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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signaling in cardiomyocytes will help elucidate how hormonal signaling modulates myocardial function. Insulin and IGF-I could prevent skeletal muscle cell atrophy and promote myogenesis through forkhead transcription factors (FOXO; Hribal et al

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Marcello Maggiolini
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Didier Picard Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Département de Biologie Cellulaire, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy

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that GPR30 signaling triggers lead to the induced expression of c-fos in macrophages ( Kanda & Watanabe 2003 a ) and activation of the transcription factor CREB in keratinocytes ( Kanda & Watanabe 2003 b , 2004 ). These in turn activate the

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Aarti D Rohira Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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David M Lonard Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Bert W O’Malley Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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production which acts by regulating stromal COUP-TFII signaling to promote decidualization. In another example, conditional deletion of the ER gene in the uterine epithelial compartment leads to loss of LIF production. Furthermore, the transcription factor

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Lei Ye Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaoying Li Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Xiangyin Kong Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Weiqing Wang Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Yufang Bi Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Landian Hu Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Bin Cui Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Xi Li Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Guang Ning Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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defined in the human POMC promoter, domain IV (−376 to −417) had the distinctive property of being active in DMS-79 cells but not in AtT-20 cells ( Picon et al. 1995 ). It was reported that E2 transcription factor binding was required for the activity of

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Hong-Wei Wang The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Michelle Muguira The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Wei-Dong Liu The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Tao Zhang The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Chiachen Chen The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Rebecca Aucoin The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Mary B Breslin The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Michael S Lan The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
The Research Institute for Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Research and Education Building, Room 2211, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

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Introduction Insulin gene transcription is regulated by both the ubiquitous and the β-cell-specific transcription factors ( Melloul et al . 2002 , Brink 2003 ). In β-cells, multiple regulatory elements in the basal insulin promoter control insulin

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Anna Milanesi Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Maxime Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 West 3rd Street, Suite 800 East, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

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Jang-Won Lee Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Maxime Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 West 3rd Street, Suite 800 East, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

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Qijin Xu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Maxime Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 West 3rd Street, Suite 800 East, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

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Laura Perin Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Maxime Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 West 3rd Street, Suite 800 East, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

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John S Yu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Maxime Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 West 3rd Street, Suite 800 East, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

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differentiate into pancreatic, exocrine, ductal and endocrine cells in culture. A recent publication showed that suppression of nestin expression in embryonic stem cells by gene silencing reduced endodermal and pancreatic transcription factor expression ( Kim

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Jay H Lo Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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Pinwen Peter Chiou Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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C M Lin Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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Thomas T Chen Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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by first binding to the GH receptor (GHR) and then triggering signal transduction cascades resulting in physiological responses ( Argetsinger & Carter-Su 1996 ). Although several transcription factors were believed to be involved in GH signaling

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Verónica Torres-Estay Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Daniela V Carreño Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Ignacio F San Francisco Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Paula Sotomayor Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Alejandro S Godoy Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Gary J Smith Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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( Wen et al . 2013 ) and that the induction of VEGF was mediated by binding of the transcription factor AR and SP1 to the core promoter region of VEGF ( Eisermann et al . 2013 ). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the standard treatment for advanced

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