fall into two major categories: drugs that improve insulin sensitivity, and those that increase insulin secretion from β-cells. Agents that enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics (e
Hong Lan, Galya Vassileva, Aaron Corona, Li Liu, Hana Baker, Andrei Golovko, Susan J Abbondanzo, Weiwen Hu, Shijun Yang, Yun Ning, Robert A Del Vecchio, Frederique Poulet, Maureen Laverty, Eric L Gustafson, Joseph A Hedrick, and Timothy J Kowalski
Linda Ahlkvist, Bilal Omar, Anders Valeur, Keld Fosgerau, and Bo Ahrén
tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed where the mice were injected with glucose (0.35 g/kg, Sigma) in a tail vein with or without glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) (3 nmol/kg, Sigma). Blood samples were collected at different time points into heparinized tubes
Shin-ya Ueda, Takahiro Yoshikawa, Yoshihiro Katsura, Tatsuya Usui, Hayato Nakao, and Shigeo Fujimoto
endocrine organs, including ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), and oxyntomodulin ( Huda et al . 2006 , Näslund & Hellstrom 2007 , Wren & Bloom 2007 ). While of these, ghrelin is
Wenjuan Liu, Harry Kevin Lau, Dong Ok Son, Tianru Jin, Yehong Yang, Zhaoyun Zhang, Yiming Li, Gerald J Prud’homme, and Qinghua Wang
the β-cell mass and provide improved treatments for T1D and T2D subjects. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from gastrointestinal L cells in response to food ingestion, and has been currently used for the treatment of T2
Mohamed Lotfy, Jaipaul Singh, Hameed Rashed, Saeed Tariq, Erika Zilahi, and Ernest Adeghate
endocrine and an exocrine system with much interaction between the two parts ( Shetzline & Liddle 2002 ). The GI tract secretes a number of hormones including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1; Drucker 2003 b
Eun-Young Lee, Xilin Zhang, Junki Miyamoto, Ikuo Kimura, Tomoaki Taknaka, Kenichi Furusawa, Takahito Jomori, Kosuke Fujimoto, Satoshi Uematsu, and Takashi Miki
Introduction Oral ingestion of carbohydrate triggers secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), the major incretins that inhibit the rise in blood glucose levels by potentiating insulin
C Y Shan, J H Yang, Y Kong, X Y Wang, M Y Zheng, Y G Xu, Y Wang, H Z Ren, B C Chang, and L M Chen
-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and GLP2 may play key roles in these processes ( Tremaroli & Bäckhed 2012 ). For example, GLP2, which is secreted by intestine L cells, is a key regulator of intestinal permeability ( Cani et al . 2009 ). Therapeutic regimes that target
Jia Fang Wang and David J Hill
endothelial cell CD31/PECAM-1 were obtained from Dako Corporation, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, and rabbit anti-human α amylase from Sigma Chemical Co. Rabbit anti-rat PDX-1 was provided by Dr C Wright, Vanderbilt University. Glucagon-like polypeptide 1 (GLP-1) and
Tao Xie, Min Chen, and Lee S Weinstein
. 2003 ). In addition, type 2 diabetics also have increased glucagon (GCG) secretion from pancreatic α-cells and inappropriately increased serum levels of GCG ( Goke 2008 ). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and other incretin hormones promote glucose
M-J Kim, J-H Kang, Y G Park, G R Ryu, S H Ko, I-K Jeong, K-H Koh, D-J Rhie, S H Yoon, S J Hahn, M-S Kim, and Y-H Jo
Introduction Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been of much interest due to its β-cell-proliferating effect and role as an incretin hormone in synergizing with glucose to enhance insulin release ( Ørskov 1992 , Egan et al. 2003
