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P C Lisboa Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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E de Oliveira Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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A C Manhães Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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A P Santos-Silva Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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C R Pinheiro Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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V Younes-Rapozo Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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L C Faustino Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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T M Ortiga-Carvalho Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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E G Moura Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysic Institute, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551‐030, Brazil

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factors, besides the direct effect of TH, play a role in the regulation of leptin in this model of programing. The developmental plasticity implies that one imprinting factor, such as nicotine exposure, could affect different systems during development

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S C P Dutra
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E G Moura
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A L Rodrigues
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P C Lisboa
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I Bonomo
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F P Toste
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M C F Passos
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2004 Developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome by maternal nutritional imbalance: how strong is the evidence from experimental models in mammals? Journal of Physiology 561 355 –377. Bayne K 1996 Revised

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Daiana Fornes Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Florencia Heinecke Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Programming of Metabolic Anomalies, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Cintia Romina Gatti Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Sabrina Lorena Roberti Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Verónica White Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Programming of Metabolic Anomalies, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alicia Jawerbaum Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Evangelina Capobianco Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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) 17215379 Jansson T Powell TL 2013 Role of placental nutrient sensing in developmental programming . Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 56 591 – 601 . ( https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182993a2e ) 23703224 Jawerbaum A Capobianco E 2011 Review

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Patrycja A Jazwiec Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
The Farncombe Family Digestive Diseases Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Deborah M Sloboda Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
The Farncombe Family Digestive Diseases Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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disease risk. The hypothesis that the early life environment influences later life disease susceptibility is now recognized as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Programming reproduction It is now known that non

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María Florencia Heber Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvana Rocío Ferreira Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Giselle Adriana Abruzzese Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Raíces Trinidad Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Omar P Pignataro Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Margarita Vega Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología Reproductiva, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Alicia B Motta Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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.1093/molehr/gal057 Fernandez-Twinn DS Constância M Ozanne SE 2015 Intergenerational epigenetic inheritance in models of developmental programming of adult disease . Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology 43 85 – 95 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j

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K S Wilson The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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C S Tucker The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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E A S Al-Dujaili The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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M C Holmes The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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P W F Hadoke The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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C J Kenyon The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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M A Denvir The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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– 268 . ( doi:10.1023/A:1008924418720 ) Nesan D Vijayan MM 2013 Role of glucocorticoid in developmental programming: evidence from zebrafish . General and Comparative Endocrinology 181 35 – 44 . ( doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2012

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Elisa Keating Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Ana Correia-Branco Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João R Araújo Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Manuela Meireles Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Rita Fernandes Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Luísa Guardão Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João T Guimarães Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Fátima Martel Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Conceição Calhau Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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& Yeo 2011 ) and thus protect male offspring from overt hyperphagia and from concomitant excessive weight gain, upon early-life HFA exposure. Sex-specific responses to developmental programing have been identified in a large number of studies (see Aiken

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E Oliveira Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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E G Moura Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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A P Santos-Silva Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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A T S Fagundes Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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A S Rios Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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Y Abreu-Villaça Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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J F Nogueira Neto Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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M C F Passos Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute
Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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P C Lisboa Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute

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has been named programing, which is defined as the phenomenon that putatively underlies relationships among nutritional experiences of early life and adult diseases ( Lucas 1994 , Barker 2003 , Moura & Passos 2005 , de Moura et al . 2008 ). Some

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Folami Y Ideraabdullah Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Anthony M Belenchia Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Cheryl S Rosenfeld Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Seth W Kullman Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Megan Knuth Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Debabrata Mahapatra Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Michael Bereman Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Edward D Levin Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Catherine A Peterson Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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alluded to the impact of VDD on offspring as a direct effect, the indirect role of maternal/intrauterine effects and adverse pregnancy outcomes are also important considerations. In conclusion, VDD critically affects developmental programming of short

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Jin-Ran Chen Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Oxana P Lazarenko Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Haijun Zhao Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Alexander W Alund Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Kartik Shankar Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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. 2009 , Chen et al . 2012 ) might be associated with DNA hypermethylation, suggesting intrauterine fetal skeletal developmental programming ( Chen et al . 2012 ). We have recently provided evidence showing maternal HFD-induced obesity accelerates

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