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G Pelletier
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C Labrie
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F Labrie
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There is now evidence that oestrogens and androgens can influence male and female reproductive systems. In order to accurately identify the sites of action of oestrogens and androgens, we have proceeded to the histological localization of the two oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERalpha and ERbeta, and the androgen receptor (AR) in the reproductive tissues of adult rats of both sexes. AR was detected by immunocytochemistry, while ERalpha and ERbeta were localized by both immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. In the pituitary gland of animals of both sexes, ERalpha was found in the majority of nuclei of secretory cells in the anterior pituitary. The intermediate and posterior lobes did not show any staining. ERbeta was not found to be expressed in any of the pituitary lobes. Using AR antibodies, nuclear staining was detected in about 50% of secretory cells of the anterior lobe, the intermediate and posterior lobes being completely unstained. In the testis, ERalpha was localized in nuclei of Leydig cells as well as in round spermatocytes and spermatids, while ERbeta could only be detected in Sertoli cell nuclei. AR immunoreactivity was found in nuclei of Sertoli, peritubular myoid and Leydig cells. In the prostate, ERbeta was observed in epithelial cells of tubulo-alveoli, while the stroma was unlabelled. ERalpha was not found to be expressed in any prostate cells. In the prostate, AR was detected in nuclei of epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells. In seminal vesicles, staining of ERalpha was found in nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells. Similar findings were observed using AR antibodies. While ERbeta mRNA could not be detected by in situ hybridization, weak staining for ERbeta was localized in epithelial cells of seminal vesicles. In the ovary, both ERalpha and ERbeta were found to be expressed. ERbeta mRNA was found in granulosa cells of growing follicles, while ERalpha was present in theca cells, interstitial gland cells and germinal epithelium. AR immunoreactivity was detected in granulosa cell nuclei in growing follicles and also in scattered interstitial cells. In the oviduct and uterus, ERalpha was observed in nuclei of epithelial cells as well as of stromal and muscle cells. Similarly, AR immunoreactivity was present in nuclei of epithelial cells, stromal and muscle cells in both the oviduct and uterus. ERbeta was not detected in the oviduct and uterus. The present findings indicate a cell-specific localization of ERalpha, ERbeta and AR in reproductive tissues in rats of both sexes. By establishing the precise sites of action of oestrogens and androgens they contribute to a better understanding of the respective role of these steroids in reproduction function.

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Denys deCatanzaro Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Tyler Pollock Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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evolved to promote their own reproduction by dosing females with what is arguably their most powerful hormone, E 2 . Declaration of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the

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Adam C Guzzo Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1

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Tyler Pollock Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1

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Denys deCatanzaro Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1

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C Beaton E Jetha M Nadella K 2003 Enzymeimmunoassay of oestradiol, testosterone and progesterone in urine samples from female mice before and after insemination . Reproduction 126 407 – 414 . ( doi:10.1530/rep.0.1260407 ) deCatanzaro

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María Cecilia Ramirez Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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Guillermina María Luque Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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Ana María Ornstein Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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Damasia Becu-Villalobos Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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rodents, distinct male and female patterns of hepatic gene expression occur for several Cyps that are involved in steroid and drug metabolism, as well as for some proteins that function in reproduction directly via maintenance of pregnancy or indirectly

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Lydie Naulé Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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Marie Picot Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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Mariangela Martini Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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Caroline Parmentier Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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Hélène Hardin-Pouzet Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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Matthieu Keller Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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Isabelle Franceschini Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224
Sorbonne Universités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université François Rabelais, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224

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major gatekeepers of pubertal onset and adult female reproduction ( Franceschini & Desroziers 2013 ). Kisspeptin neurons are localized in two hypothalamic regions: i) the RP3V including the anteroventral periventricular and the preoptic periventricular

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Alan Conley Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA

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Ned J Place Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Erin L Legacki Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA

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Geoff L Hammond Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Gerald R Cunha Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Christine M Drea Departments of Evolutionary Anthropology and Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Mary L Weldele Departments of Psychology and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

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Steve E Glickman Departments of Psychology and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

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) Glickman SE Frank LG Pavgi S Licht P 1992b Hormonal correlates of ‘masculinization’ in female spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta). 1. Infancy to sexual maturity . Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 95 451 – 462 . ( https://doi.org/10

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C M Allan Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales 2139, Australia
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia

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Y Wang Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales 2139, Australia
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia

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M Jimenez Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales 2139, Australia
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia

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B Marshan Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales 2139, Australia
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia

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J Spaliviero Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales 2139, Australia
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia

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P Illingworth Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales 2139, Australia
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia

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D J Handelsman Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales 2139, Australia
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia

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Introduction Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is critical for ovarian folliculogenesis and female fertility. FSH plays a key role in antral follicle development and, in combination with luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulates

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Helen E MacLean Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Alison J Moore Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Stephen A Sastra Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Howard A Morris Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Ali Ghasem-Zadeh Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Kesha Rana Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Anna-Maree Axell Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Amanda J Notini Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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David J Handelsman Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Ego Seeman Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Jeffrey D Zajac Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Rachel A Davey Department of Medicine, Hanson Institute, Department of Endocrinology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Introduction Males and females show sexual dimorphism in a number of tissues. Males tend to be taller, with higher muscle and bone mass and lower fat mass than females, with differences also observed in the immune system, nervous system, and in

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Patrycja A Jazwiec Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
The Farncombe Family Digestive Diseases Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Deborah M Sloboda Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
The Farncombe Family Digestive Diseases Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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( Clermont 1966 , Culty 2009 ). Maternal nutritional impacts on offspring reproduction Impacts in female offspring FGR and maternal nutritional restriction Epidemiological/clinical data on growth restriction and reproduction in human

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Eliana H Akamine Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences

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Anderson C Marçal Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences

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João Paulo Camporez Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences

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Mara S Hoshida Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences

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Luciana C Caperuto Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences

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Estela Bevilacqua Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences

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Carla R O Carvalho Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences

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IRS-2 pathways integrate female reproduction and energy homeostasis . Nature 407 377 – 382 . Carvalho CRO Carvalheira JBC Lima MHM Zimmerman SF Caperuto LC Amanso A Gasparetti AL Meneghetti V Zimmerman LF Velloso LA 2003

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