regulating thyroid hormone target genes in peripheral tissues and are differentially expressed between organs ( Brent 2000 ). During illness, all aspects of thyroid hormone metabolism are changed resulting in different bioavailability and action of thyroid
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Anita Boelen, Anne H van der Spek, Flavia Bloise, Emmely M de Vries, Olga V Surovtseva, Mieke van Beeren, Mariette T Ackermans, Joan Kwakkel, and Eric Fliers
Qinghua Wang, Jing Tang, Shujun Jiang, Zan Huang, Anying Song, Siyuan Hou, Xiang Gao, and Hai-Bin Ruan
metabolism has not been studied. Recently, MAGE family proteins were shown to bind really interesting new gene (RING) domain proteins to form active E3 ubiquitin ligases ( Doyle et al. 2010 ). For example, the MAGEC2-TRIM28 complex targets p53 for
Haiyong Chen, Hui-Yao Lan, Dimitrios H Roukos, and William C Cho
, results from a number of studies indicate that miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the roles of miRNAs in diabetes, as well as their target genes and
Clyde J Wright, Sarah McKenna, Robyn De Dios, Brit H Boehmer, Leanna Nguyen, Sankar Ghosh, Jeryl Sandoval, and Paul J Rozance
addition to β-cells. We hypothesized that STZ would induce NFκB activation in β-cells resulting in the expression of NFκB target genes previously associated with injury ( Cxcl10 , Nos2 and Tnf ). In contrast to our hypothesis, we could find no evidence
Yujiao Dai, Peng Hao, Zhimei Sun, Zhiyi Guo, Hong Xu, Lihui Xue, Hongyu Song, Yida Li, Shuang Li, Mingming Gao, Teng Si, Yuxin Zhang, and Yajuan Qi
remodeling, actin cytoskeleton, cell proliferation and immunity. Among them, the strongest upregulated genes are the target genes of Yap , such as Ankrd1 (recombinant ankyrin repeat domain protein 1) and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor). Ankrd1 was the
Ken Takao, Katsumi Iizuka, Yanyan Liu, Teruaki Sakurai, Sodai Kubota, Saki Kubota-Okamoto, Toshinori Imaizumi, Yoshihiro Takahashi, Yermek Rakhat, Satoko Komori, Tokuyuki Hirose, Kenta Nonomura, Takehiro Kato, Masami Mizuno, Tetsuya Suwa, Yukio Horikawa, Masakatsu Sone, and Daisuke Yabe
) ( Herman et al. 2012 ). ChREBP-α is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm and is transported into the nucleus glucose-dependently, where it upregulates expression of target genes including Chrebpb ( Herman et al. 2012 ). On the other hand, ChREBP-β is
Virginia Rider, Kazuto Isuzugawa, Meryl Twarog, Stacy Jones, Brent Cameron, Kazuhiko Imakawa, and Jianwen Fang
Introduction Female sex steroids control proliferation and differentiation of target cells by altering the rates of specific gene transcription ( Tsai & O’Malley 1994 , Hall et al. 2001 , Li & O’Malley 2003 ). In the endometrium
Bo Chen, Yanrong Lu, Younan Chen, and Jingqiu Cheng
transcription of downstream target genes, including genes that encode antioxidants, detoxifying enzymes, antiapoptotic proteins, and proteasomes ( Niture et al . 2014 ). The aim of the present review is to briefly summarize the mechanisms that regulate the Nrf2
Jung-Yoon Heo, Ji-Eun Kim, Yongwook Dan, Yong-Woon Kim, Jong-Yeon Kim, Kyu Hyang Cho, Young Kyung Bae, Seung-Soon Im, Kwang-Hyeon Liu, In-Hwan Song, Jae-Ryong Kim, In-Kyu Lee, and So-Young Park
-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to increased cholesterol accumulation ( Shimano et al. 1997 , Nohturfft et al. 1999 ). The expression of SREBP and its target gene is increased in mouse and
Paul W Caton, Nanda K Nayuni, Julius Kieswich, Noorafza Q Khan, Muhammed M Yaqoob, and Roger Corder
carboxykinase (PEPCK; gene code Pck1 ), the rate-limiting enzyme of hepatic gluconeogenesis, allowing plasma glucose levels to be maintained within a narrow range. PEPCK is abnormally elevated in T2DM ( Veneziale et al . 1983 ), and overexpression of Pck1
