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Introduction Sex steroids are key metabolic regulators in different tissues, with proven roles in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis, whose deregulation is frequently linked to the manifestation of diseases ( Mauvais-Jarvis et

used for treating obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia in rodents ( Villarroya et al. 2013 , 2017 , Wang et al. 2015 ). As stated previously, PCOS is frequently accompanied by abnormal metabolism ( Balen et al

metabolic diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to i) review the fundamentals of fetal myogenesis; ii) review the experimental studies showing that fetal undernutrition from maternal dietary restriction or placental

. Fritsche L Weigert C Haring HU Lehmann R 2008 How insulin receptor substrate proteins regulate the metabolic capacity of the liver – implications for health and disease . Current Medicinal Chemistry 15 1316 – 1329 . Frittitta L Youngren

insulin resistance. So how does the maternal pancreas cope with the sustained insulin demand of pregnancy? Pancreatic β-cells are plastic and can respond to changes in insulin demand and, although this is pathological in metabolic diseases, this same

diagnosis ( Loehr et al . 2008 , Writing Group et al . 2010 ). Increasing evidence has highlighted the role of metabolic diseases as important risk factors for HF. In particular, obesity has been proposed as one of the main contributors to the onset and

metabolic changes. The increasing knowledge about body fat distribution and its modifiers may lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies for subjects at a high risk for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. It is interesting that

Consortium NIHMMPC 2010 Standard operating procedures for describing and performing metabolic tests of glucose homeostasis in mice . Disease Models & Mechanisms 3 525 – 534 . ( doi:10.1242/dmm.006239 ) Balent B Goswami G Goodloe G Rogatsky E

Introduction Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of many metabolic disorders, including the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS

implications for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes ( Bluher 2014 , Bluher & Mantzoros 2015 ). It has long been established that the accumulation of abdominal fat (central adiposity) is associated with insulin resistance ( Pratley et