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Search for other papers by A. D. T. GOVAN in
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SUMMARY
A histological and histochemical study has been made of ovaries obtained from patients in early pregnancy, the duration of pregnancy varying from 6 to 20 weeks. During the first 10 weeks of pregnancy ovarian structure is virtually unchanged, compared with the post-ovulatory state. From 10 weeks onwards new Graafian follicles appear. These are limited in size, most achieving a maximum diameter of 4 mm. They are characterized by an early and excessive thecal development. Atresia overtakes these follicles and this occurs at all stages of development, suggesting a sudden and possibly recurrent change in gonadotrophic stimulation. Despite atresia the theca persists but histochemical tests suggest that its functional activity is limited. This loss of activity is associated with a recognizable histological change in the thecal cell. It is suggested that most of the alterations in ovarian structure are due to changes in the quality and quantity of gonadotrophins produced at this period of pregnancy.
Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Hisashi Kishi in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Satoshi Onodera in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Wanzhu Jin in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Gen Watanabe in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Akira K Suzuki in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Shinji Takahashi in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Toshihiko Kamada in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Toshio Nishiyama in
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Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Laboratory of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Air Pollutants Health Effect Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Ecological Effect Research Team, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Search for other papers by Kazuyoshi Taya in
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Introduction The reproductive cycle of the golden hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ) has some unique characteristics as compared with the rat and mouse. For example, the corpus luteum in the cyclic ovary always begins to show signs of
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SUMMARY
Ovarian tissue of prenatal, newborn, and 5-day-old rats does not specifically bind 125Ilabelled HCG. Specific binding of HCG was first observed in ovaries of 10-day-old animals and binding increased with age. These results indicate that, contrary to rat testis, the HCG receptor in the rat ovary is not present during foetal and early postnatal development. Thus, the insensitivity of the ovary to endogenous and exogenous LH or HCG during this developmental period is due to the lack of specific receptors.
Department of Medicine, Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
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Department of Medicine, Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
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Department of Medicine, Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
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Department of Medicine, Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrinopathies, affecting 4–10% of reproductive-age women ( Knochenhauer et al. 1998 , Dunaif 1999 ). The disorder is characterized by hyper
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There is considerable evidence that β-glucuronidase (β-G) activity, especially in the reproduction tract, is concentrated at sites where oestrogenic and androgenic hormones exert their actions. Biochemical assays (Fishman, 1955) have demonstrated a high level of β-G activity in mammalian ovaries, and the present work is a brief account of the distribution of this enzyme in the ovaries of the rat and rabbit. The ovaries were fixed in cold chloral formalin immediately after the death of the animal and frozen sections were prepared using the modified ferric hydroxyquinoline technique described by Fishman & Baker (1956).
The findings reported by these workers with the original description of their method can be elaborated and somewhat modified. In the ovary of the non-pregnant rat β-G activity is concentrated mainly in the germinal epithelium, in the granulosa cells of young follicles, in the outer layers of the granulosa of older follicles and in the muscular
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. In accordance with the 2003 Rotterdam criteria, to be clinically diagnosed with PCOS, two of the three diagnostic features need to be
Search for other papers by VASANT V. PATWARDHAN in
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Search for other papers by E. B. ROMANOFF in
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SUMMARY
The capacity of bovine ovaries to aromatize neutral C19 steroids in vitro was studied by perfusion and incubation techniques.
[4-14C]Androstenedione and [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone were infused, in separate experiments, into ovaries perfused in vitro and the formed oestrogens were isolated from the venous perfusates. The extent of aromatization of the infused substrate was found to be very small in all the perfusion experiments and was not enhanced by simultaneous infusion of gonadotrophins.
In incubation studies, minces of whole follicular ovary, whole luteal ovary, corpus luteum and stromal tissue were incubated with [4-14C]androstenedione. The incubates were processed for isolation of oestrone (OE1) and oestradiol-17β (OE2). Both the follicular and the luteal ovaries aromatized the substrate to OE2, although the extent of aromatization varied in different experiments. Formation of OE1 was indicated but not proved. The corpus luteum tissue did not aromatize the C19 substrate and the stromal tissue also showed a comparative lack of activity in this respect as compared with the whole luteal ovary.
The significance of these findings is discussed.
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Search for other papers by S. ZUCKERMAN in
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SUMMARY
1. The ovaries of rabbits and mice were irradiated by means of a superficial X-irradiation apparatus. For rabbits the total dosage varied between 800 and 2000r, and for mice between 300 and 1500r. All the rabbits, but only about one in four of the mice, survived the treatment.
2. One ovary was removed from the ten irradiated rabbits and from twenty-seven of the surviving mice. Control animals were also unilaterally ovariectomized. The rabbits were then left from 34 to 139 days, and the mice from 61 to 115 days. All the irradiated rabbits and fourteen of the irradiated mice survived for the duration of the experiment.
3. Seven of the rabbits and ten of the mice proved to have ovaries which had been sterilized by means of the X-irradiation. Compensatory ovarian hypertrophy did not occur in any of these animals. It did occur in the controls and in the animals in which sterilization was incomplete.
Search for other papers by E. L. KNODEL in
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Search for other papers by K. A. DOEG in
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Biochemistry and Biophysics Section, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268, U.S.A.
(Received 2 September 1976)
Polycystic ovaries can be induced by a series of 20 daily injections of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG; 10 i.u./day, s.c.) in rats previously made hypothyroid with 0·5% 2-thiouracil in their feed (Leathem, 1958). Slices of polycystic ovaries convert glucose stoichiometrically to lactate under aerobic conditions, while slices of normal or luteinized (HCG) ovaries or those from hypothyroid rats convert less than 50% of the glucose consumed to lactate, under similar conditions (Surwilo & Doeg, 1973). High rates of aerobic glycolysis, as seen in polycystic ovarian slices, are also characteristic of a variety of tumours (Aisenberg, 1961). Some of these tumours have low activities of one of the 'shuttle' enzymes involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria (Boxer & Devlin, 1961; Criss, 1973), and, thus, pyruvate reduction to lactate provides
Search for other papers by D. L. INGRAM in
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SUMMARY
The relation between fertility and number of oocytes in the ovary has been investigated in rats whose ovaries had been X-irradiated. The number of oocytes was reduced by means of graded doses of X-rays and the animals were then mated with fertile males.
The number of females which gave birth became fewer and litter-size decreased significantly with increasing doses of irradiation. It was also observed that animals which had lost all their oocytes at the end of the experiment displayed continuous vaginal cornification.
The probability that the impaired fertility is directly due to the depletion in the number of available germ cells is discussed.
