deficiency. While reproductive disturbances are largely dissociated from common obesity, nutritional factors and reproduction are closely connected, as exemplified in states of negative energy balance, when food intake corrects amenorrhea. For example
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Marion Régnier, Matthias Van Hul, Claude Knauf, and Patrice D Cani
metabolic abnormalities, prevention remains the greatest challenge. Among the different factors contributing to the regulation of energy balance, the microorganisms that reside in the human gut (called the gut microbiota) have received increasing attention
Catia Martins, Linda M Morgan, Stephen R Bloom, and M Denise Robertson
seems to be only modest ( Miller et al. 1997 ). The ability of exercise to create a negative energy balance (EB) relies not only directly on its impact on energy expenditure (EE), but also indirectly on its potential to modulate energy intake (EI
Sarah Teillon, German A Calderon, and Maribel Rios
BDNF 2L/2LAlb-cre conditional mutants were analyzed using the comparative C t method. * P =0.002. To determine whether reduced expression of Bdnf in the liver had any effects on energy balance, we monitored food intake of BDNF 2L/2LAlb-cre mutant
Barbara C Fam, Rebecca Sgambellone, Zheng Ruan, Joseph Proietto, and Sofianos Andrikopoulos
) as described in the following sections for all of the groups. Experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the protocols approved by the Austin Health Animal Ethics Committee (AEC no. A2010/04028). Feeding protocol and energy balance
Sean A Newsom, Jennifer C Richards, Tyler K Johnson, Jessica N Kuzma, Mark C Lonac, Roger J Paxton, Grant M Rynn, Wyatt F Voyles, and Christopher Bell
Introduction Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) by the sympathoadrenal system is an important physiological determinant of total daily energy expenditure (EE) and hence energy balance in humans ( van Baak 2001 ). Evidence for this is
K Alexander H Iwen, Oezge Senyaman, Arne Schwartz, Maren Drenckhan, Britta Meier, Dirk Hadaschik, and Johannes Klein
maximal increase in 1450% after 4 h ( Fig. 4 E). ACTH stimulation increases UCP-1 mRNA in brown adipocytes The thermogenic brown adipose tissue contributes to energy balance in small mammals and may be associated with insulin sensitivity in human adults
Riccardo Dore, Luka Levata, Sogol Gachkar, Olaf Jöhren, Jens Mittag, Hendrik Lehnert, and Carla Schulz
regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the brain, and in agreement with its role in the control of energy balance, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is highly expressed in several hypothalamic nuclei such as
Cho-Rong Bae, Kazuya Hasegawa, Sayaka Akieda-Asai, Yurie Kawasaki, Kazuyo Senba, Youn-Soo Cha, and Yukari Date
. Although the energy balance of SP rats did not differ from that of CP rats, SP rats showed insulin resistance and increased levels of factors involved in lipogenesis. Our results indicate that the texture of absorbable food such as SP contributes to the
Nava Chapnik, Yoni Genzer, Avraham Ben-Shimon, Masha Y Niv, and Oren Froy
, and possibly safer, alternative for type II diabetes and obesity drug development ( Hardie 2007 ). AMPK is a regulator of energy balance at both the cellular and the whole-body levels ( Carling et al . 2011 , Hardie 2011 ). Typically quiescent under
