activity of G cells (for review, see Håkanson et al. 1994 ). Gastrin and ghrelin have opposing secretory patterns; circulating ghrelin levels are high during fasting and decrease in response to food intake ( Tschöp et al. 2000
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Elin Kristensson, Monika Sundqvist, Rolf Håkanson, and Erik Lindström
Ruben Nogueiras, Sulay Tovar, Sharon E Mitchell, Perry Barrett, D Vernon Rayner, Carlos Dieguez, and Lynda M Williams
increases energy expenditure ( Elias et al. 1999 ). Leptin levels are lowered by fasting and food restriction ( Ahren et al. 1997 , Keim et al. 1998 ). Circulating levels of ghrelin, secreted by the stomach, rise rapidly in response to fasting and
C Ortega-González, L Cardoza, B Coutiño, R Hidalgo, G Arteaga-Troncoso, and A Parra
ultrasound (The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group 2003). Additionally, all women had a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m 2 , acanthosis nigricans, fasting hyperinsulinemia (>16 mIU/ml) and a fasting glucose/insulin (G/I) ratio <4
Gustavo W Fernandes, Cintia B Ueta, Tatiane L Fonseca, Cecilia H A Gouveia, Carmen L Lancellotti, Patrícia C Brum, Marcelo A Christoffolete, Antonio C Bianco, and Miriam O Ribeiro
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( Pepck ) mRNA levels and displayed marked hyperinsulinemia, which on a HFD also results in increased fasting blood glucose. However, these animals attempt to maintain their body temperature when exposed to cold and exhibit normal
Kasper Faarkrog Høyer, Christoffer Laustsen, Steffen Ringgaard, Haiyun Qi, Christian Østergaard Mariager, Thomas Svava Nielsen, Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde, Jonas T Treebak, Niels Jessen, and Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
Introduction The liver plays a crucial role in the regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis and ensures a sufficient supply of substrates irrespective of food intake. During fasting, it is the primary source of endogenous glucose
K J Oliveira, G S M Paula, R H Costa-e-Sousa, L L Souza, D C Moraes, F H Curty, and C C Pazos-Moura
). During fasting, as a means of conserving energy, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is suppressed and the activation of arcuate NPY neurons is a major component of the regulatory mechanism that causes a decline in proTRH mRNA in PVN, reducing
Gabriel O de Souza, Fernanda M Chaves, Josiane N Silva, João A B Pedroso, Martin Metzger, Renata Frazão, and Jose Donato
junctions. Thus, electrical synapses allow information and different molecules to be propagated in a coordinated and fast way from neighboring cells ( Pereda 2014 ). The central regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis requires a fine and
J Naufahu, F Alzaid, M Fiuza Brito, B Doslikova, T Valencia, A Cunliffe, and J F Murray
circulating MCH by conducting a cross-sectional study. Two intervention studies were also conducted to investigate whether circulating MCH concentrations were acutely responsive to food stimuli; furthermore, plasma MCH concentrations in both the fasted and fed
Carla Brancia, Cristina Cocco, Filomena D'Amato, Barbara Noli, Fabrizio Sanna, Roberta Possenti, Antonio Argiolas, and Gian-Luca Ferri
physiological stimulus of feeding versus fasting. Materials and Methods Animals and tissue samples Sprague–Dawley rats (250–350 g, Harlan, Milan, Italy) were kept at 20 °C with free access to water throughout. In a first set of experiments, rats ( n =8, of
Ling He, Shumei Meng, Emily L Germain-Lee, Sally Radovick, and Fredric E Wondisford
were fasted for 4 h followed by an i.p. injection of 250 mg/kg metformin, and blood glucose levels were measured at indicated time points ( He et al . 2012 ). Glucose production assay Mouse primary hepatocytes from WT and CBPS436A mutant mice were
