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Anne H van der Spek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction The interplay between the endocrine and immune system is well established ( Besedovsky & del Rey 1996 , Klein 2006 , Schaefer & Klein 2011 ). Thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism and TH status have been linked to various aspects of

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T V Novoselova Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

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R Larder University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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D Rimmington University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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C Lelliott Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK

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E H Wynn Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK

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R J Gorrigan Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

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P H Tate Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK

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L Guasti Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

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The Sanger Mouse Genetics Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK

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S O’Rahilly University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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A J L Clark Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

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D W Logan Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK

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A P Coll University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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L F Chan Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

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metabolism, a function known to be regulated by melanocortins ( Nogueiras et al . 2007 , Perez-Tilve et al . 2010 ). In this study, we have used an independently derived line of Mrap2 -deficient mice ( Mrap2 tm1a/tm1a ) on two different genetic

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Ken K Y Ho Centres for Health Research, Princess Alexandra Hospital, The University of Queensland and The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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review of what DIT is by taking the reader through concepts and methods for quantifying energy and energy forms pertinent to human metabolism, which are critical to the understanding of its physiological significance in energy homeostasis. History

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Hsiu-Chi Lee Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

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Shaw-Jenq Tsai Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

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HIF-1β expression is decreased in T2DM patients compared to normal controls and that β cell-specific Hif-1β -knockout mice displayed abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin secretion ( Gunton et al . 2005 ). Similarly, β cell-specific Hif-1α

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Chunchun Wei Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Xianhua Ma Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Kai Su Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Shasha Qi Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Yuangang Zhu The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Junjian Lin Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Chenxin Wang The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Rui Yang Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaowei Chen The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Weizhong Wang Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Weiping J Zhang Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China

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temperature upon acute cold exposure Given that DNL in adipose tissue benefits systemic insulin sensitivity, we first phenotypically analyzed glucose and lipid metabolism in BET-β mice. When housed at room temperature and fed a normal chow diet, neither male

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Frank H Bloomfield Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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might impact upon the developing β-cell, it is important to bear in mind that the effects might arise from maternal, fetal or pregnancy-related factors that led to the preterm birth; the impact of preterm birth itself on the metabolism, organ development

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Terese M Zidon Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Jaume Padilla Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Kevin L Fritsche Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Rebecca J Welly Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Leighton T McCabe Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Olivia E Stricklin Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Aaron Frank Department of Biomedical Sciences, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Youngmin Park Department of Exercise and Health Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea

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Deborah J Clegg College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Dennis B Lubahn Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Jill A Kanaley Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Victoria J Vieira-Potter Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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) and estrogen is produced in adipose tissue and modulates adipose tissue metabolism both before and after OVX ( Stubbins et al. 2012 b ). OVX of these ERα and ERβ KO mouse models provides a unique opportunity to investigate the role of adipose

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Karsten Suhre Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Weill Cornell Medical College – Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Weill Cornell Medical College – Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar

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(3-indoxyl sulfate), indicators of interaction with the gut microflora (bile acids), and lipid metabolism (glycerophospholipids, free fatty acids). The latter observation replicated early work on plasma phospholipid metabolic profiling by Wang et al

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J Naufahu Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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F Alzaid Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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M Fiuza Brito Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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B Doslikova Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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T Valencia Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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A Cunliffe Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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J F Murray Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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Introduction Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an orexigenic neuropeptide; rodent studies indicate it has multiple and diverse physiologic functions including a key role in the central control of energy metabolism. Intracerebroventricular

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Brenton T Laing Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Khoa Do Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Tomoko Matsubara Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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David W Wert East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Michael J Avery Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Erin M Langdon Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Donghai Zheng Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Human Performance Laboratory, Collage of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Hu Huang Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Human Performance Laboratory, Collage of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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and energy expenditure, which are tightly controlled by the CNS ( Morton et al. 2006 ). The CNS controls the important aspects of metabolism, particularly in the hypothalamus, where neurons directly respond to physiological changes such as hunger and

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