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Subhshri Sahu
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David Tosh Stem Cells and Diabetes Section, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India

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Anandwardhan A Hardikar
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, Zalzman et al . 2005 ). Sumazaki et al . (2004) also demonstrated the conversion of the developing biliary system to pancreatic tissue in Hes1 null mice. These mice display gallbladder and cystic duct agenesis and conversion of the common bile duct to

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Ann E Drummond Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Peter J Fuller Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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analyses of bone and liver tissue from ER-null mice support the inhibitory action of ERβ on ERα-mediated transcriptional activity ( Lindberg et al . 2003 ). ERβ plays a direct role in follicle development being required for antrum formation and

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Jonathan Lindzey Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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Friederike L Jayes Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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Mariana M Yates Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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John F Couse Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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Kenneth S Korach Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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). Additional markers also considered to be indicative of pre-ovulatory follicles, such as E 2 synthesis ( Couse et al. 2003 ) and LH receptor ( Couse & Korach 1999 ), are also increased in αERKO ovaries. Interestingly, female CYP19-null mice share several

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Michael Mannstadt Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Emily Holick Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Wenping Zhao Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Harald Jüppner Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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in Gcmb -null mice, which lack parathyroid gland development ( Günther et al . 2000 ). GCMB continues to be expressed in adult parathyroid glands where its postnatal function remains unknown. Overexpression of Gcmb mRNA has been reported in some

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Siân E Piret Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK

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Rajesh V Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK

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menin in osteogenesis and palatogenesis ( Engleka et al . 2007 ). The generation of liver-specific null mice using albumin-Cre, which is only weakly expressed during embryogenesis (E19) and expressed fully 1–2 weeks after birth, did not lead to the

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Terese M Zidon Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Jaume Padilla Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Kevin L Fritsche Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Rebecca J Welly Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Leighton T McCabe Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Olivia E Stricklin Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Aaron Frank Department of Biomedical Sciences, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Youngmin Park Department of Exercise and Health Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea

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Deborah J Clegg College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Dennis B Lubahn Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Jill A Kanaley Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Victoria J Vieira-Potter Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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affect metabolic health following ovarian hormone loss. We hypothesized that, in the setting of advanced age, adipose tissue ERβ signaling would play a protective role against OVX-induced weight gain. As such, we predicted that ERβ-null mice would respond

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Victoria E DeMambro
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Masanobu Kawai The Jackson Laboratory, Medical Center Research Institute, John Hopkins University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Research, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA

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Thomas L Clemens The Jackson Laboratory, Medical Center Research Institute, John Hopkins University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Research, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA

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Keertik Fulzele The Jackson Laboratory, Medical Center Research Institute, John Hopkins University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Research, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA

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Jane A Maynard
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Caralina Marín de Evsikova
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Kenneth R Johnson
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Ernesto Canalis The Jackson Laboratory, Medical Center Research Institute, John Hopkins University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Research, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA

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Wesley G Beamer
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Clifford J Rosen The Jackson Laboratory, Medical Center Research Institute, John Hopkins University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Research, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA

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Leah Rae Donahue
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decreased bone turnover. These null mice also exhibit impaired anabolic response to intermittent parathyroid hormone administration ( Ogata et al . 2000 , Hoshi et al . 2004 , Shimoaka et al . 2004 , Yamaguchi et al . 2005 ). Both the Irs1 tm1Tka/tm1

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Jui-Cheng Hsieh Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA

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Rudolf C Estess Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA

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Ichiro Kaneko Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA

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G Kerr Whitfield Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA

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Peter W Jurutka Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA

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Mark R Haussler Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2157, USA

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VDR–RXR complex in cooperation with Hr, with relieving of this repression ( Beaudoin et al . 2005 ) in the keratinocytes from hr -null mice. As depicted in Fig. 1 C, 1,25D also represses SOSTDC1 mRNA levels by 41 and 59% in KERTr and primary human

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Sojin Lee Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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H Henry Dong Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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variable carboxyl domains and differential tissue distributions ( Wang et al. 2009 ). For example, FoxO1, FoxO3 and FoxO4 are expressed across the brain. In contrast, FoxO6 expression is confined to the hippocampus region. FoxO1-null mice die at embryonic

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Nicholaos I Papachristou Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Harry C Blair Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Kyriakos E Kypreos Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Dionysios J Papachristou Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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mice femora. Their in vitro approaches on MSC obtained from knockout (KO) and wild-type mice were in symphony with their histological and histomorphometrical results, further supporting the osteoblastogenic behavior of the Scarb1 -null mice. SRB1

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