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Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs usually in sporadic form, but about a quarter of the cases are hereditary and appear as part of one of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndromes. Mutations in the RET protooncogene are known to be the cause of the MEN2A and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) syndromes in the majority of the families. Direct DNA testing allows prophylactic thyroidectomy to be offered to individuals carrying a mutation in the above codons, and in mutation-negative cases it reduces the yearly screening-related burden on family members at risk of the disease. By DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms, 65 MTC probands were examined for mutations in residues 609, 611, 618, 620 of exon 10, and in residues 634, 768, 804 of exons 11, 13, and 14 respectively of the RET protooncogene. In our study, mutations in the above codons were detected in all of the 14 clinically MEN2A and FMTC families. One of these mutations, TGC609 TCC has not been reported previously. Of the 14 probands with the mutation, 25 relatives also had the identified mutation and 18 relatives proved to be non-carriers. Among the 51 probands with clinically sporadic MTC, none was found to carry a mutation in the above positions even if indirect signs of MTC, pheochromocytoma or hyperparathyroidism could be detected in some families. The frequency of the TGC634AGC mutation is unexpectedly high in our samples, which can probably be attributed to a founder effect. We conclude that screening for mutations in these codons is effective in families fulfilling the strict clinical criteria of MEN2A or FMTC.
National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, California 90509, USA
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, California 90509, USA
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, California 90509, USA
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, California 90509, USA
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, California 90509, USA
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, California 90509, USA
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, California 90509, USA
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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10777D) were provided by Dr A F Parlow under the sponsorship of the National Hormone and Pituitary Program. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was purchased from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY, USA). Polyclonal rabbit anti-actin antisera and
Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Research Acceleration Award, and US Department of Defence CDMRP FY19 Prostate Cancer Research Program – Idea Development Award (W81XWH2010331). The Translational Research Institute is supported by an Australian Government grant. The authors have no
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Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute
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has been named programing, which is defined as the phenomenon that putatively underlies relationships among nutritional experiences of early life and adult diseases ( Lucas 1994 , Barker 2003 , Moura & Passos 2005 , de Moura et al . 2008 ). Some
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for adult-onset disease is known as programming, but its biological underpinnings are not completely understood. The risk of coronary events has been found to be related to low weight at birth and during infancy, followed by a rapid increase in BMI
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Washington, where she conducted type 1 diabetes research as an undergraduate McNair Scholar at Dr Ake Lernmark’s lab. She furthered her scientific passion by participating in a postbaccalaureate program at the National Cancer Institute at NIH under Dr Elise
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UVSQ, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
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‘developmental programming’ or ‘conditioning’ ( Barker 2004 , Hanson & Gluckman 2014 ), alterations of nutrient supply in the fetus or neonate result in long-term programming of individual body weight (BW) setpoint. Epidemiological studies initially showed that
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Introduction Experimental studies have shown that environmental changes, such as nutritional, endocrine disruptors, and other stressful events, occurring in a critical period early in life, permanently program the structure and
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School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1555851 ) 10.1055/s-0035-1555851 Zinszner H Kuroda M Wang X Batchvarova N Lightfoot RT Remotti H Stevens JL Ron D 1998 CHOP is implicated in programmed cell death in response to impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum
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Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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-Aldrich) for 25 min, washed and stained with eosin (5 min). The slices stained with oil red O were used to analyses of lipid droplets area and red stained area using ImageJ ( Schneider et al. 2012 ) program using the 40× image, in agreement with previous