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Introduction It is now widely appreciated that there are distinct gender-related differences in stress–responses and in susceptibility to stress-associated disorders ( Baum & Grunberg 1991 , Figueiredo et al . 2002 , Kajantie & Phillips 2006
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and body growth. So, what would be the function of GH in adults when its basal secretion is decreased and the final stature has already been reached? Different situations of acute or chronic stress are known to induce a robust GH secretion. This is
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and adulthood ( Seckl & Holmes 2007 ). Moreover, evidence from human studies indicate that prenatal stress (PNS) is associated with a greater risk for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes later in life ( Entringer et al . 2008 , Li et
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the summer period induce metabolic heat stress, which has adverse effects on milk production, reproductive performance and animal welfare issues, among others. Counterregulatory mechanisms generally include an increased sweating rate, increased water
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excess glucocorticoids via maternal stress, inhibition of placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, the normal ‘barrier’ to maternal glucocorticoids, or its bypass with non-substrate synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX
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Introduction Maintaining homeostasis in a constantly changing environment is a fundamental process of life. Hans Selye, the father of the stress concept, defined the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis as the major component required
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Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Mixed Unity of Research (UMR) 8200 – Genomes and Cancer, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS - Bloco G - Subsolo - Sala G0-031, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jaimungal S Sheikh-Ali M Mooradian AD 2012 Estrogen-dependent inhibition of dextrose-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and superoxide generation in endothelial cells . Free Radical Biology & Medicine 52 2161 – 2167 . ( doi:10.1016/j
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Introduction Stress has many faces. On the one hand, it is a highly adaptive response to disturbances in homeostasis. Decades of research have identified a complex, tightly balanced system in the brain and periphery that translates the effects of
Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Department of Human Anatomy, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of China
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. Oxidative stress, hypoxia, and flow disturbances are important factors that are related to endothelial dysfunction ( Coleman et al . 2013 ). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals and reactive metabolites that contain oxygen molecules with unpaired
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key role in protein homeostasis during cellular stress ( Deane & Woo 2011 ). In fish, the intracellular induction of Hsps, in particular Hsp70, has been well characterized in response to a plethora of stimuli ( Iwama et al . 1999 , Basu et al . 2002