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Poulomi Bhattacharya
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Yi Lin Yan Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61701, USA

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John Postlethwait Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61701, USA

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David A Rubin
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. Embryos were incubated at 28 °C ( Kimmel et al . 1995 ). Embryos used for in situ hybridization on whole-mounts and cryosections were treated with 0.003% 1-phenyl-2-thiourea before 24 hpf to inhibit pigmentation. All protocols were approved by local

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Liyuan Tian Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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Zhiqiang Wu Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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Yali Zhao Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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Yuanguang Meng Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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Yiling Si Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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Xiaobing Fu Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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Yiming Mu Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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Weidong Han Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, Departments of

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module at its C-terminal region ( Han et al . 2002 , Aguiar et al . 2005 ). LRP16 was previously identified as an estrogen-responsive target gene. Estrogen-induced upregulation of LRP16 expression is mediated by ERα, but not by ERβ ( Han et al

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Jonathan D Douros Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

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Jacek Mokrosinski Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

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Brian Finan Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

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functional receptors in engineered cell lines report dose-dependent elevations in cAMP accumulation as well as elevated intracellular calcium levels ( Dillon et al. 1993 ). This report teased a possible contribution of phospholipase C (PLC) to GLP-1

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Joyce Emons
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Bas E Dutilh Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Eva Decker Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Heide Pirzer Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Carsten Sticht Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Norbert Gretz Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Gudrun Rappold Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Ewan R Cameron Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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James C Neil Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Gary S Stein Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Andre J van Wijnen Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Jan Maarten Wit
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Janine N Post Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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Marcel Karperien Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Center, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands

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isopentane, and stored at −80 °C or fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified with EDTA and embedded in paraffin. Histological analysis Paraffin-embedded samples were cut into longitudinal 5 μm thick sections using a Reichert Jung 2055 microtome (Leica, Rijswijk

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E Bucris Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

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A Beck Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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S Boura-Halfon Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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R Isaac Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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Y Vinik Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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T Rosenzweig Department of Molecular Biology and Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel

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S R Sampson Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

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Y Zick Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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–25) were grown in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium with 10% FCS and HepG2 cells (passages 20–30) were grown in MEM Eagle-Earle’s salt base. Cultures were incubated in 5% CO 2 humidified atmosphere at 37°C. The medium was changed every 2–3days. At 80

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Simin Younesi School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Alita Soch School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Microscopy Facility, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Luba Sominsky School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health, University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

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Sarah J Spencer School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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) ( De Luca et al. 2019 ). Our previous work has shown that DT given in two subcutaneous (s.c.) 25 ng/g doses 8 h apart ablates 50–90% of microglia throughout the brain, depending upon region, and approximately 80% of circulating monocytes by 48 h and

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Folami Y Ideraabdullah Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Anthony M Belenchia Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Cheryl S Rosenfeld Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Seth W Kullman Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Megan Knuth Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Debabrata Mahapatra Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Michael Bereman Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Edward D Levin Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Catherine A Peterson Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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). In contrast, another study that examined 726 MS patients and 604 controls from the United Kingdom (UK) found that the VDR Taq1 polymorphism rs731236 was associated with MS such that there was overrepresentation of the minor allele (C) in MS

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Maik Pietzner Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Tim Kacprowski Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

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Nele Friedrich Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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disorders, e.g. the HLA class I region, PTPN22 , SH2B3 or VAV3 . Similar holds true for GWAS results on hyperthyroidism including Tg , GPR174-ITM2A , the C1QTNF6-RAC2 locus, SLAMF6 or the 6q27 and 14q32.2 loci. These results were confirmed by TPO

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Edouard G A Mills Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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Waljit S Dhillo Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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Alexander N Comninos Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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cleaved from its 145-amino acid polypeptide precursor (encoded by the KISS1 / Kiss1 gene), is a pivotal regulator of reproductive function. Several isoforms exist with a common RF-amide C terminus, including kisspeptin (KP)-54, KP-14, KP-13 and KP-10

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Gordon J Allan SIPBS, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK

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James Beattie SIPBS, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK

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David J Flint SIPBS, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK

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molecules belonging to the matricellular ‘family’ of proteins (thrombospondins 1 and 2, osteopontin, SPARC and tenascin-C and -X). These proteins are widely expressed in the foetus, but their expression is decreased in the adult unless activation occurs

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