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Malin Fex Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Lisa M Nicholas Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Neelanjan Vishnu Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Anya Medina Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Vladimir V Sharoyko Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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David G Nicholls Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Peter Spégel Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Sweden

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Hindrik Mulder Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Introduction Seminal work in the 1960s and 1970s established that insulin secretion is deficient in type 2 diabetes (T2D) ( Bagdade et al . 1967 , Simpson et al . 1968 ). In the last decade, a number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS

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Olivier Dumortier Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Gaia Fabris Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Didier F Pisani Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Virginie Casamento Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Nadine Gautier Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Charlotte Hinault Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Patricia Lebrun Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Christophe Duranton Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Michel Tauc Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Stéphane Dalle INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France

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Julie Kerr-Conte Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Lille, France

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François Pattou Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Lille, France

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Marc Prentki CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

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Emmanuel Van Obberghen Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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making optimal glucose sensing possible. It is thought that beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes could result from a reduced expression of key genes, triggering the loss of beta cell identity and hence promoting dedifferentiation ( Weir et al . 2001

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Ivan Quesada CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain

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Eva Tudurí CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain

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Cristina Ripoll CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain

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Ángel Nadal CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain

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by activating liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, which results in the release of glucose to the bloodstream. An abnormal function of these cells can generate failures in the control of glycaemia, which can lead to the development of diabetes

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Craig S Nunemaker Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine

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H Grace Chung Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine

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Gretchen M Verrilli Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine

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Kathryn L Corbin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine

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Aditi Upadhye Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine

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Poonam R Sharma Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biology, Department of Medicine

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Introduction Chronic low-grade inflammation is increasingly considered as a contributing factor to many metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity leads to excess fatty acids and lipids in the body, which have toxic and damaging

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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Introduction: significance of the clinical problem Around 50% of ageing, obese men presenting to the diabetes clinic have lowered testosterone levels relative to reference ranges based on healthy young men ( Grossmann 2011 ). Many have symptoms

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Henrik Ortsäter Biovation Park Telge, Research Unit, Degenerative Disease Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje, Sweden
Biovation Park Telge, Research Unit, Degenerative Disease Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje, Sweden

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Nina Grankvist Biovation Park Telge, Research Unit, Degenerative Disease Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje, Sweden

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Richard E Honkanen Biovation Park Telge, Research Unit, Degenerative Disease Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje, Sweden

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Åke Sjöholm Biovation Park Telge, Research Unit, Degenerative Disease Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje, Sweden
Biovation Park Telge, Research Unit, Degenerative Disease Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje, Sweden
Biovation Park Telge, Research Unit, Degenerative Disease Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje, Sweden

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Type 2 diabetes: a growing epidemic Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a syndrome characterized by disordered metabolism, resulting in hyperglycemia. The most common and dreaded long-term complication of diabetes is cardiovascular disease, which accounts for

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Antonio Gázquez Department of Physiology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Francisca Rodríguez Department of Physiology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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María Sánchez-Campillo Department of Physiology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Lidia E Martínez-Gascón Department of Clinical Analysis, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Santa Lucia General University Hospital, Murcia, Spain

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Marino B Arnao Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Pedro Saura-Garre Department of Clinical Psychology, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

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María D Albaladejo-Otón Department of Clinical Analysis, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Santa Lucia General University Hospital, Murcia, Spain

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Elvira Larqué Department of Physiology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is increasing in women due to the obesity epidemic; however, the ideal management of GDM remains controversial ( Mack & Tomich 2017 ). It is estimated that one out of six live births

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Libor Vítek Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Endocrinology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech Republic
Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Endocrinology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech Republic

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Martin Haluzík Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Endocrinology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech Republic
Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Endocrinology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Prague 2 12000, Czech Republic

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-acting hormones ( Potthoff et al . 2012 ). Interestingly, when administered in pharmacological doses, both FGF19 and FGF21 have insulin-sensitizing and hypolipidemic effects in rodent models of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ( Tomlinson et al . 2002

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Isabel Göhring Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center 91:11, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden

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Hindrik Mulder Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center 91:11, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden

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diabetes? In this issue of Journal of Endocrinology , Dr Han and colleagues report on an exciting novel function of GDH in chronic pathological situations relevant for type 2 diabetes. They have used 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH

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Mohamed Lotfy Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

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Jaipaul Singh Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

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Hameed Rashed Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

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Saeed Tariq Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

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Erika Zilahi Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

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Ernest Adeghate Department of Biology, School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, Hormones Department, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

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Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder and a global health problem currently affecting more than 250 million people worldwide ( Zimmet & Alberti 2006 ). Type 1 and type 2 DM (T1DM and T2DM) can lead to a number of long

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