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Nathanael J Yates School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Dijana Tesic School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Kirk W Feindel Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Jeremy T Smith School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Michael W Clarke Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Celeste Wale School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Rachael C Crew School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Michaela D Wharfe School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Andrew J O Whitehouse Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Caitlin S Wyrwoll School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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striking changes in lateral ventricle size ( Eyles et al . 2003 , Hawes et al . 2015 ) and marked changes in the dopamine (DA) system ( Kesby et al . 2006 , 2009 , Cui et al . 2010 , 2013 ). However, the generic role that vitamin D has in brain

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Takahiro Nemoto Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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Azusa Iwasaki-Sekino Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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Naoko Yamauchi Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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Tamotsu Shibasaki Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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by the pituitary remain unknown. Thus, using primary cultured anterior or intermediate lobe cells of rat pituitary, we examined whether mRNA expression and secretion of pituitary Ucn 2 is affected by CRF, vasopressin, dopamine and glucocorticoids

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Federico Gatto Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

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Richard A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Rob van der Pas Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Peter van Koetsveld Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Eleonora Bruzzone Department of Internal Medicine and & Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

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Marica Arvigo Department of Internal Medicine and & Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

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Fadime Dogan Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Steven Lamberts Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Diego Ferone Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine and & Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

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Leo Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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mass (the primary cause of the disease). Treatment with somatostatin analogs (SSAs) and/or dopamine agonists (DAs) may result in the inhibition of ACTH secretion by the pituitary adenoma and, therefore, represent attractive drugs for CD treatment

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C Suárez Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, V, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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J Vela Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, V, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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I García-Tornadú Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, V, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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D Becu-Villalobos Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, V, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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on prolactin and GH secretion in pituitary cells dispersed in vitro , in combination with well-established secretagogues such as angiotensin II (Ang II), dopamine, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin. Furthermore, we investigated

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Sophie Bernichtein Inserm, APHP, Unit 845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Necker site, Paris 75015, France

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Philippe Touraine Inserm, APHP, Unit 845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Necker site, Paris 75015, France
Inserm, APHP, Unit 845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Necker site, Paris 75015, France

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Vincent Goffin Inserm, APHP, Unit 845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Necker site, Paris 75015, France

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loss of libido and infertility in both sexes ( Molitch et al . 1997 ). For 85–90% of patients, this condition is efficiently cured using synthetic analogs of dopamine, the physiological negative regulator of PRL production by lactotrophs ( Molitch 2003

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Omkaram Gangisetty Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Shaima Jabbar Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Olivia Wynne Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Dipak K Sarkar Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Introduction Dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus are important regulators of lactotropic cells in the pituitary gland. Dopamine released from these neurons travels to the pituitary gland and acts on D2 receptors located on the lactotropes

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Daniel J Tobiansky Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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George V Kachkovski Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Reilly T Enos Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

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Kim L Schmidt Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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E Angela Murphy Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

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Stan B Floresco Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Kiran K Soma Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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mesocorticolimbic system. Sucrose consumption in adolescence alters dopamine receptor levels and decreases dopamine receptor sensitivity in the nucleus accumbens in adulthood ( Naneix et al. 2016 , 2018 ). Sucrose consumption in adolescence also decreases reward

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George Fink Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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, Rasheed & Algsham 2012 ). The clue to a possible role of central dopamine came from clinical observations and hypotheses regarding the etiology of Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Thus, as early as 1965, Strang noted an association between Parkinson

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Sang-Nam Lee Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Mèdecine et Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4

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Bonnie Peng Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Mèdecine et Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4

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Roxane Desjardins Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Mèdecine et Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4

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John E Pintar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Mèdecine et Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4

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Robert Day Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Mèdecine et Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4

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Iris Lindberg Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Mèdecine et Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4

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both 129 and B6 wild-type mice and determined cellular and/or circulating plasma levels of ACTH, α-MSH, β-endorphin, dopamine, and insulin using RIA, and blood glucose levels. Lastly, we have performed ultrastructural analyses of melanotrophs and in

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ELIZABETH A. LINTON
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NICKI WHITE
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OFELIA LIRA DE TINEO
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S. L. JEFFCOATE
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The effects of 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2OH-OE2), dopamine, oestradiol-17β and 2OH-OE2 plus dopamine on prolactin and LH release from the male rat pituitary gland were examined in vitro.

2-Hydroxyoestradiol reduced prolactin secretion by 51% at 10−10 mol/l and by 34% at 10−7 mol/l, while oestradiol-17β had no effect at these doses. Dopamine alone (5 × 10−7 mol/l) decreased prolactin released by 58%, 2OH-OE2 plus dopamine produced a similar inhibition of 60%.

No significant effect on LH release was observed throughout.

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