Search Results

You are looking at 61 - 70 of 1,186 items for :

  • glucocorticoids x
  • Refine by access: All content x
Clear All
Esther Isorna Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Search for other papers by Esther Isorna in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Nuria de Pedro Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Search for other papers by Nuria de Pedro in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ana I Valenciano Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Search for other papers by Ana I Valenciano in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ángel L Alonso-Gómez Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Search for other papers by Ángel L Alonso-Gómez in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
María J Delgado Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Search for other papers by María J Delgado in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

rhythms are two of the most studied outputs of the circadian system in vertebrates. The dependence of melatonin, pituitary hormone and glucocorticoid rhythms on the LD cycle has been studied for decades in mammals ( Pevet & Challet 2011 , Kalsbeek et al

Free access
Sébastien Desarzens Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Sébastien Desarzens in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
and
Nourdine Faresse Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
National Center of Competence in Research ‘Kidney.CH’, Zurich, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Nourdine Faresse in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Introduction Glucocorticoids, represented by cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents, play an essential role in several steps of adipocyte biology ( Peckett et al . 2011 ). During adipogenesis, glucocorticoids are required to induce

Free access
Ling-Chu Chang Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Search for other papers by Ling-Chu Chang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Sally A Madsen Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Search for other papers by Sally A Madsen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Trine Toelboell Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Search for other papers by Trine Toelboell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Patty S D Weber Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Search for other papers by Patty S D Weber in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Jeanne L Burton Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Search for other papers by Jeanne L Burton in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

-stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF), cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), and glucocorticoids can delay apoptosis for up to 48 h in human and rodent neutrophils ( Cox 1995 , Liles et al. 1995 , 1996 , Meagher et

Free access
Stuart A Morgan Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Search for other papers by Stuart A Morgan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Zaki K Hassan-Smith Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Search for other papers by Zaki K Hassan-Smith in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Craig L Doig Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Search for other papers by Craig L Doig in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Mark Sherlock Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Search for other papers by Mark Sherlock in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Paul M Stewart Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
School of Medicine, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Search for other papers by Paul M Stewart in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Gareth G Lavery Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Search for other papers by Gareth G Lavery in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Introduction The pathophysiological effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are well described and impact upon almost all organ systems within the body. This is highlighted in patients with GC excess, Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by central

Free access
RJ Farrell
Search for other papers by RJ Farrell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
and
D Kelleher
Search for other papers by D Kelleher in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of T cell activation and proinflammatory cytokines and are highly effective treatment for active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, failure to respond, acutely or chronically, to glucocorticoid therapy is a common indication for surgery in IBD, with as many as 50% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and approximately 20% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) requiring surgery in their lifetime as a result of poor response to glucocorticoids. Studies report that approximately one-third of patients with CD are steroid dependent and one-fifth are steroid resistant while approximately one-quarter of patients with UC are steroid dependent and one-sixth are steroid resistant. While the molecular basis of glucocorticoid resistance has been widely assessed in other inflammatory conditions, the pathophysiology of the glucocorticoid resistance in IBD is poorly understood. Research in IBD suggests that the phenomenon of glucocorticoid resistance is compartmentalised to T-lymphocytes and possibly other target inflammatory cells. This review focuses on three key molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in IBD: (i) decreased cytoplasmic glucocorticoid concentration secondary to increased P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of glucocorticoid from target cells due to overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1); (ii) impaired glucocorticoid signaling because of dysfunction at the level of the glucocorticoid receptor; and (iii) constitutive epithelial activation of proinflammatory mediators, including nuclear factor kappa B, resulting in inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity. In addition, the impact of disease heterogeneity on glucocorticoid responsiveness and recent advances in IBD pharmacogenetics are discussed.

Free access
Dawn E W Livingstone Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by Dawn E W Livingstone in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Sarah L Grassick Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by Sarah L Grassick in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Gillian L Currie Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by Gillian L Currie in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Brian R Walker Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by Brian R Walker in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Ruth Andrew Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by Ruth Andrew in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Introduction Tissue-specific dysregulation of the glucocorticoid-generating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in rodent ( Livingstone et al . 2000 , Liu et al . 2003 ) and human obesity ( Bujalska et al . 1997 , Fraser

Open access
P W F Hadoke Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by P W F Hadoke in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
R S Lindsay Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by R S Lindsay in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
J R Seckl Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by J R Seckl in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
B R Walker Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by B R Walker in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
C J Kenyon Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

Search for other papers by C J Kenyon in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

. 1990 ), has been attributed to several factors, including dietary modification ( Langley-Evans et al. 1994 , Woodall et al. 1996 ) and maternal stress during pregnancy ( Lesage et al. 2001 ). Excess exposure of the foetus to glucocorticoids may

Free access
Helen Garside Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by Helen Garside in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Charlotte Waters Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by Charlotte Waters in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Andy Berry Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by Andy Berry in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lisa Rice Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by Lisa Rice in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Helen C Ardley Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by Helen C Ardley in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Anne White Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by Anne White in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Philip A Robinson Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by Philip A Robinson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
David Ray Endocrine Sciences Research Group and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Molecular Medicine Unit, CSB, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Search for other papers by David Ray in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Introduction The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It is a key regulator of many homeostatic mechanisms and is also the target of therapeutic glucocorticoids used to treat inflammatory

Free access
Zachary Silver Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Search for other papers by Zachary Silver in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Sam Abbott-Tate Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Search for other papers by Sam Abbott-Tate in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lindsay Hyland Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Search for other papers by Lindsay Hyland in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Frances Sherratt Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Search for other papers by Frances Sherratt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Barbara Woodside Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Search for other papers by Barbara Woodside in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Alfonso Abizaid Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Search for other papers by Alfonso Abizaid in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Glucocorticoids are critical for the physiological responses required to meet the metabolic demands of stressors. Chronic exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids, however, can have a negative physiological impact. For instance, chronic

Restricted access
Lisa L Koorneef Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Lisa L Koorneef in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Jan Kroon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Jan Kroon in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Eva M G Viho Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Eva M G Viho in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lucas F Wahl Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Lucas F Wahl in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Kim M L Heckmans Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Kim M L Heckmans in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Marloes M A R van Dorst Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Marloes M A R van Dorst in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Menno Hoekstra Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Menno Hoekstra in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
René Houtman Pamgene International, Den Bosch, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by René Houtman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Hazel Hunt Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, California, USA

Search for other papers by Hazel Hunt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Onno C Meijer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Onno C Meijer in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are adrenal hormones involved in the stress response, regulating processes such as immune function and metabolism. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis controls GC secretion via a cascade of hormonal

Open access