Search Results

70 years of clinical experience. On the other hand, in functional androgen deficiency due to axis suppression because of age-related comorbidities, treatment may aim for a specific health outcome, such as improvement of glucose metabolism, and

Introduction In the muscles, glucose uptake occurs through two major pathways, namely insulin-dependent glucose uptake and non-insulin-dependent glucose uptake. In muscle cells, binding of insulin to insulin receptors increases the activation of the

inhibits insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets in a dose- and glucose-dependent manner ( Colombo et al. 2003 ) and from mouse islets in the presence of glucose ( Reimer et al. 2003 ). GHS-R antagonist and immunoneutralization of endogenous

versus i.v. glucose ( Elrick et al . 1964 , Perley & Kipnis 1967 ). This effect is partially achieved by gastrointestinal hormones that are released during meal ingestion and augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; the two most important being

neuronal systems, through orexigenic or anorexigenic mechanisms. These neurons are modulated by circulating hormones, nutrient-derived signals, and cytokines. Specific neurons from the hypothalamus can sense nutrient-derived signals like glucose, and

Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents, are produced in the adrenal cortex and play a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and nutrient metabolism. Synthetic GCs, which include

al . 1998 , Welberg et al . 2000 , Lesage et al . 2004 , Brunton & Russell 2010 ) that later develop glucose intolerance ( Lindsay et al . 1996 b , Nyirenda et al . 1998 , Lesage et al . 2004 ), hypertension ( Benediktsson et al . 1993

Introduction Glucose homeostasis depends on the balance between insulin levels and the response of peripheral tissues to insulin action; it can remain normal even when insulin action decreases due to a compensatory increase in β-cell insulin release

glucose levels ( Gutniak et al . 1992 , Nauck et al . 1993 , Thorens et al . 1993 ). Moreover, GLP1 increases the β-cell mass by inducing the differentiation and neogenesis of ductal cells into insulin-producing cells through regulation of PDX1

). Glucose is one of the most important factors by which the expression of genes in either β-cells or other cells of islets are regulated. Many glucose-responsive genes have been identified in β-cells or islets. Webb et al . (2000) identified glucose