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Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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protein is Gly-Leu-NH 2 ( Ukena et al. 2014 ), it was named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL). We have previously shown that chronic infusion of NPGL stimulates food intake and fat accumulation in rats through de novo lipogenesis ( Iwakoshi-Ukena et
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe, China
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Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) target genes which are involved in free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, glycogen storage, thermogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis ( den Besten et al . 2015 ). As such, SCFAs act to both directly and indirectly
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PANTG ( Fig. 6 F, G, H, and I). Therefore, overexpression of PANDER from the pancreatic β-cell decreases hepatic p-AMPK signaling and to a limited extent provides a potential mechanism for the observed increased lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis within
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released from white adipose tissue ( Donnelly et al . 2005 ). The rest of the lipid stores derive from dietary FAs and de novo lipogenesis. Imbalances between these pathways lead to excessive FA flux and accumulation, which not only induces hepatic (and
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lipoprotein particles for transport in the circulation ( Spector 1975 ). The majority of fatty acids in humans are derived from dietary sources and stored as TAGs in adipose tissue, or in small amounts in liver and muscle. De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is an
Metabolic Research Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Metabolic Research Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Metabolic Research Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Metabolic Research Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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mechanism by which glucose metabolism, in particular lipogenesis, is up-regulated in the PPARα null mice is not clear. Although rates of flux through the fatty acid pathway (measured in vivo by 3 H incorporation from 3 H 2 O, which measures total
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Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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atrophy is caused by (1) increased lipolysis in adipocytes ( Agustsson et al . 2007 , Ryden et al . 2008 , Arner & Langin 2014 ); (2) reduction of lipogenesis ( Ebadi & Mazurak 2014 ); (3) downregulation of adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression
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suggested to be critical features ( Browning & Horton 2004 ). Indeed, in HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, both elevated hepatic lipogenesis and impaired lipid oxidation contribute to hepatic TG accumulation ( Postic & Girard 2008 ). Hepatic lipid homeostasis
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which is known to promote lipogenesis and insulin resistance underscoring the importance of tissue crosstalk in metabolic dysregulation of NAFLD ( Qureshi & Abrams 2007 , Smith & Kahn 2016 ). Although extensive research has been conducted in the field
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indicate that these proteins possess functions in addition to their proposed roles in lipogenesis. Lipid droplet assembly Central to the adipocyte's role as a fat storage organ is the ability to store lipid species in an inert form within the cell as a