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Stefan Groeneweg Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin P Peeters Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Theo J Visser Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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W Edward Visser Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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th column. In case of ↑ or ↓ the lowest dose at which the effect has been reported is listed in the 4th column. * Only the studies that corrected for cross-reactivity of TA 3 in the T 3 assay are listed. BMR, basal metabolic rate; CHD

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Joachim M Weitzel Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Torsten Viergutz Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Dirk Albrecht Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany

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Rupert Bruckmaier Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Marion Schmicke Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany

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Armin Tuchscherer Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Franziska Koch Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Björn Kuhla Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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in triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations by 40–47% after a 7 -day challenge. This has been expected as essential in order to ensure the demand for a reduced metabolic rate and to confine increase in body temperature in these animals ( McGuire

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Michelle M Chen
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Clarence Hale
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Shanaka Stanislaus
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Jing Xu
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Murielle M Véniant Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA

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Fgf19 showed reduced blood glucose, lipid and insulin levels, improved insulin sensitivity, dramatically reduced body weight and improved energy metabolism with increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure ( Tomlinson et al . 2002 ). These

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Ryan A Lafferty Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Laura M McShane Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Zara J Franklin Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Peter R Flatt Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Finbarr P M O’Harte Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Nigel Irwin Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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metabolic rate are also likely to be much reduced ( Breton et al. 1983 ). In good accord with this, in the current study, the peptidic GCGR antagonists both decreased physical activity in HFF-STZ mice. However, the ability of desHis 1 Pro 4 Glu 9 -glucagon

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Catherine Gibbons Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK

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Graham Finlayson Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK

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Michelle Dalton Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK

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Phillipa Caudwell Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK

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John E Blundell Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK

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vital findings regarding appetite and human eating behaviour. Through complex, multi-level study designs, we have been able to show a relationship among fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate and meal size. Additionally, the relationship between appetite

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Amy Warner AstraZeneca, Center of Brain, CVMD IMED, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden

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Jens Mittag AstraZeneca, Center of Brain, CVMD IMED, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden

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for 10 days, but resting metabolic rate was not elevated when the patients returned to thermoneutrality ( van der Lans et al . 2013 ). It can certainly be argued that if a conversion of additional human WAT depots to beige fat were possible, resulting

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Roman A Romanov Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Alán Alpár MTA-SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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Tomas Hökfelt Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Tibor Harkany Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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controls body weight and metabolic rate ( Mizuno et al . 2003 )). In contrast, Crh mRNA expression fails to meet these criteria: t -SNE projections demonstrate widespread Crh expression in hypothalamic neurons, which lack subtype definition. In accord

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Elena Grasselli Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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Adriana Voci Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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Laura Canesi Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy
Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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Fernando Goglia Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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Silvia Ravera Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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Isabella Panfoli Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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Gabriella Gallo Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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Laura Vergani Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy
Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy

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several effects of 3,3′,5- l -triiodothyronine (T 3 ) on energy metabolism without inducing thyrotoxic effects ( Cimmino et al . 1996 , Lanni et al . 2005 ). Also T 2 , as T 3 , is able to stimulate both resting metabolic rate and mitochondrial activity

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Andrew T Templin Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Christine Schmidt Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Meghan F Hogan Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Nathalie Esser Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Richard N Kitsis Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

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Rebecca L Hull Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Sakeneh Zraika Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Steven E Kahn Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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( Almind & Kahn 2004 , Champy et al. 2008 , Tschöp et al. 2011 ). This resistance to obesity in FVB compared to B6 mice is related to higher metabolic rate, while caloric intake on a HFD is similar between backgrounds ( Almind & Kahn 2004 ). Therefore

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Zhengxiang Huang School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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Xuehan Lu School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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Lili Huang School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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Yang Chen School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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Chunhong Zhang School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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Johannes D Veldhuis Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Clinical Translational Science Center, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Chen Chen School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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increased basal metabolic rate ( Alemzadeh et al. 2008 ) in obese Zucker Fatty Rats and Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats. In the DIO mice, which reflected general human obesity, we observed similar results ( Fig. 4I , K and O ). Both reduced food

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