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load ( Donnelly et al. 2005 ). NAFLD-associated regulators of lipid metabolism include nuclear receptors (NRs) such as liver X receptor (LXR), which contributes to the disease by favoring lipogenesis ( Schultz et al. 2000 ), and farnesoid X receptor
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and neuronal subtypes present ( Pearson & Placzek 2013 , Watts 2015 ). The various neuronal populations found throughout the hypothalamus are drivers of key biological processes in the mature animal, including feeding and metabolism, stress
Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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hormone (GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)) action on cardiac energy metabolism, as the cardiomyocyte is responsible for the heart having the highest metabolic demand in the body on a per-gram basis ( Taegtmeyer et al. 2016
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glucose metabolism regulates exocytosis of insulin granules according to metabolism-secretion coupling in which glucose-induced mitochondrial ATP production plays an essential role ( Maechler & Wollheim 2001 ). Since depletion of mitochondrial DNA
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modest potency ( Molteni et al . 2007 ). Recently, a phenethylphenyl phthalimide derivative has been shown to be a potent LXRα-selective antagonist ( Motoshima et al . 2009 ). As regulators of metabolism, LXRs have been considered as potential drug
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Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France
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Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France
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(disallowed genes) ( Quintens et al . 2008 , Pullen & Rutter 2013 ). Indeed, beta cells have a dedicated metabolism comprising a tightly regulated chain of elements from glucose sensors to a specialized exocytosis machinery. Glucose metabolism in beta cells
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Thyroid hormone effects on lipid metabolism The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ), modulate several physiological processes in organisms and are critical in the growth, development, differentiation and maintenance of
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potential drug development for prevention and treatment of this disorder. There is increasing evidence that osteoporosis, similarly to obesity and diabetes, could be another disorder of energy metabolism. A close relationship exists between obesity and
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, Watts et al. 2009 , Penumatsa et al. 2014 a , b , Wang et al. 2016 , Al-Zoairy et al. 2017 , Bader 2019 ). This review discusses the roles of peripheral 5-HT in the tissue-specific regulation of energy metabolism, the mechanism by
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tissues is unknown. The liver is involved in lipid synthesis, transportation and storage, as well as in glucose and insulin metabolism ( Paschos & Paletas 2009 ), all key factors in PCOS pathogenesis ( den Boer et al . 2004 , Paschos & Paletas 2009