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Lise M Sjøgaard-Frich Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Morten Sølling Henriksen Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Shi Min Lam Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Frida Jolande Birkbak Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Dominika Czaplinska Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mette Flinck Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Stine Falsig Pedersen Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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load ( Donnelly et al. 2005 ). NAFLD-associated regulators of lipid metabolism include nuclear receptors (NRs) such as liver X receptor (LXR), which contributes to the disease by favoring lipogenesis ( Schultz et al. 2000 ), and farnesoid X receptor

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Luba Sominsky School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Christine L Jasoni School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Hannah R Twigg School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Sarah J Spencer School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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and neuronal subtypes present ( Pearson & Placzek 2013 , Watts 2015 ). The various neuronal populations found throughout the hypothalamus are drivers of key biological processes in the mature animal, including feeding and metabolism, stress

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Jordan S F Chan Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

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Tanin Shafaati Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

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John R Ussher Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

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hormone (GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)) action on cardiac energy metabolism, as the cardiomyocyte is responsible for the heart having the highest metabolic demand in the body on a per-gram basis ( Taegtmeyer et al. 2016

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Makiko Shimodahira
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Shimpei Fujimoto
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Eri Mukai
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Yasuhiko Nakamura
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Yuichi Nishi
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Mayumi Sasaki
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Yuichi Sato
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Hiroki Sato
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Masaya Hosokawa
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Kazuaki Nagashima
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Yutaka Seino Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan

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Nobuya Inagaki
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glucose metabolism regulates exocytosis of insulin granules according to metabolism-secretion coupling in which glucose-induced mitochondrial ATP production plays an essential role ( Maechler & Wollheim 2001 ). Since depletion of mitochondrial DNA

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Chunyan Zhao Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden

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Karin Dahlman-Wright Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden

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modest potency ( Molteni et al . 2007 ). Recently, a phenethylphenyl phthalimide derivative has been shown to be a potent LXRα-selective antagonist ( Motoshima et al . 2009 ). As regulators of metabolism, LXRs have been considered as potential drug

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Olivier Dumortier Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Gaia Fabris Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Didier F Pisani Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Virginie Casamento Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Nadine Gautier Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Charlotte Hinault Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Patricia Lebrun Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Christophe Duranton Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Michel Tauc Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Stéphane Dalle INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France

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Julie Kerr-Conte Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Lille, France

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François Pattou Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Lille, France

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Marc Prentki CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

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Emmanuel Van Obberghen Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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(disallowed genes) ( Quintens et al . 2008 , Pullen & Rutter 2013 ). Indeed, beta cells have a dedicated metabolism comprising a tightly regulated chain of elements from glucose sensors to a specialized exocytosis machinery. Glucose metabolism in beta cells

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Aline Cordeiro Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro - RJ 21941-902, Brazil

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Luana Lopes Souza Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro - RJ 21941-902, Brazil

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Marcelo Einicker-Lamas Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro - RJ 21941-902, Brazil

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Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro - RJ 21941-902, Brazil

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Thyroid hormone effects on lipid metabolism The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ), modulate several physiological processes in organisms and are critical in the growth, development, differentiation and maintenance of

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J Jeyabalan
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M Shah
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B Viollet Royal Veterinary College, Institut Cochin, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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C Chenu
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potential drug development for prevention and treatment of this disorder. There is increasing evidence that osteoporosis, similarly to obesity and diabetes, could be another disorder of energy metabolism. A close relationship exists between obesity and

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Wonsuk Choi Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Joon Ho Moon Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Hail Kim Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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, Watts et al. 2009 , Penumatsa et al. 2014 a , b , Wang et al. 2016 , Al-Zoairy et al. 2017 , Bader 2019 ). This review discusses the roles of peripheral 5-HT in the tissue-specific regulation of energy metabolism, the mechanism by

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Giselle Adriana Abruzzese Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Florencia Heber Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvana Rocio Ferreira Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Leandro Martin Velez Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Roxana Reynoso Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Omar Pedro Pignataro Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alicia Beatriz Motta Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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tissues is unknown. The liver is involved in lipid synthesis, transportation and storage, as well as in glucose and insulin metabolism ( Paschos & Paletas 2009 ), all key factors in PCOS pathogenesis ( den Boer et al . 2004 , Paschos & Paletas 2009

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