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Kristien Vandenborne Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Bert De Groef Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Sofie M E Geelissen Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Eduard R Kühn Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Veerle M Darras Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Serge Van der Geyten Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Introduction It has been known for decades that stressful situations cause an increase in the activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and this has been studied in great detail in mammals ( Vazquez 1998 , Makino et

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Cimi Ilmiawati Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Kotaro Horiguchi Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Ken Fujiwara Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Takashi Yashiro Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Introduction The anterior pituitary gland regulates homeostasis by meticulous adjustment of hormonal secretion. Folliculostellate (FS) cells are present in the anterior pituitary gland but do not secrete classical hormones. Although FS cells are

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Ramanaiah Mamillapalli Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S131, PO Box 208020, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8020, USA

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John Wysolmerski Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S131, PO Box 208020, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8020, USA

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in many sites. Both PTHrP and the CaR are expressed in the normal pituitary gland, pituitary tumors, and pituitary cell lines, although their biological function(s) in pituitary cells is not clear ( Ikeda et al . 1988 , Asa et al . 1990 , Fraser

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J Christoffel Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany

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G Rimoldi Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany

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W Wuttke Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany

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. Therefore, the model of the ovx rat was chosen, which is a widely used and accepted model to study estrogenic activities. A treatment time of 3 months was selected to determine whether the endocrine regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is

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K E Lines Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK

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P J Newey Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK

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C J Yates Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK

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M Stevenson Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK

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R Dyar Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK

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G V Walls Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK

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M R Bowl Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK

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R V Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK

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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the combined occurrence of parathyroid, pituitary and pancreatic islet tumours ( Pieterman et al. 2009 , Goudet et al. 2010

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M Szczesna
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D A Zieba
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B Klocek-Gorka
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T Misztal Laboratory of Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Endocrinology, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Research, Department of Swine and Small Ruminant Breeding, Agricultural University, 31-274 Krakow, Poland

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E Stepien Laboratory of Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Endocrinology, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Research, Department of Swine and Small Ruminant Breeding, Agricultural University, 31-274 Krakow, Poland

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may play a pivotal role in the modulation of neuroendocrine interactions. There is some evidence to suggest that SOCS-3 has important functions within the pituitary. In adrenocorticotrophs, SOCS-3 has been shown to be a potent feedback inhibitor of

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Sylvia V H Grommen
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Lutgarde Arckens Research Group of Comparative Endocrinology, Research Group of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Tim Theuwissen Research Group of Comparative Endocrinology, Research Group of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, K U Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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Veerle M Darras
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Bert De Groef
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( Decuypere et al . 1990 ). THs are known to play an important role in controlling their own secretion through feedback effects acting on the different levels of the hypothalamo–pituitary–thyroidal (HPT) axis. In birds, information on TH feedback is scarce

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Chad D Osterlund Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA

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Vanessa Thompson Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA

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Laura Hinds Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA

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Robert L Spencer Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA

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Introduction Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis integrate stress-dependent changes in neural input and direct negative feedback effects of glucocorticoids ( Dallman et al . 1987

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L A Nolan Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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A Levy Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Introduction Variations in physiological demands on the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis during development and throughout adulthood produce some of the most profound central neuroendocrine changes seen. At the pituitary level

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Judith L Turgeon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA

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Dennis W Waring Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA

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pituitary cells, progesterone augmentation of GnRH-stimulated LH secretion can be demonstrated, but it is about half of that found for the rat and is only partially prevented by PR antagonists ( Turgeon & Waring 2001 ). Additionally in mouse gonadotropes

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