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Introduction It has been known for decades that stressful situations cause an increase in the activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and this has been studied in great detail in mammals ( Vazquez 1998 , Makino et
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Introduction The anterior pituitary gland regulates homeostasis by meticulous adjustment of hormonal secretion. Folliculostellate (FS) cells are present in the anterior pituitary gland but do not secrete classical hormones. Although FS cells are
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in many sites. Both PTHrP and the CaR are expressed in the normal pituitary gland, pituitary tumors, and pituitary cell lines, although their biological function(s) in pituitary cells is not clear ( Ikeda et al . 1988 , Asa et al . 1990 , Fraser
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. Therefore, the model of the ovx rat was chosen, which is a widely used and accepted model to study estrogenic activities. A treatment time of 3 months was selected to determine whether the endocrine regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is
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Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the combined occurrence of parathyroid, pituitary and pancreatic islet tumours ( Pieterman et al. 2009 , Goudet et al. 2010
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may play a pivotal role in the modulation of neuroendocrine interactions. There is some evidence to suggest that SOCS-3 has important functions within the pituitary. In adrenocorticotrophs, SOCS-3 has been shown to be a potent feedback inhibitor of
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( Decuypere et al . 1990 ). THs are known to play an important role in controlling their own secretion through feedback effects acting on the different levels of the hypothalamo–pituitary–thyroidal (HPT) axis. In birds, information on TH feedback is scarce
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Introduction Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis integrate stress-dependent changes in neural input and direct negative feedback effects of glucocorticoids ( Dallman et al . 1987
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Introduction Variations in physiological demands on the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis during development and throughout adulthood produce some of the most profound central neuroendocrine changes seen. At the pituitary level
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pituitary cells, progesterone augmentation of GnRH-stimulated LH secretion can be demonstrated, but it is about half of that found for the rat and is only partially prevented by PR antagonists ( Turgeon & Waring 2001 ). Additionally in mouse gonadotropes