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blood vessels. Many uterine functions are under the regulation of ovarian steroid hormones, estrogens and progesterone (P 4 ; Dey et al . 2004 , Das 2009 ), and uterine cell types respond to hormones in a differential manner. Ovarian estrogen targets
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Introduction The preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in cyclic rats and the daily surge in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats are caused by the central action of estrogen on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450-03, USA
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Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450-03, USA
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Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450-03, USA
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Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450-03, USA
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Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450-03, USA
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Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450-03, USA
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investigations have shown that 48-h fasting dramatically suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in female rats, and the suppression is largely dependent on the estrogenic milieu ( Cagampang et al. 1991 , Maeda et al. 1996 ). As such, 48-h
Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-78, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Departments of
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Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-78, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Departments of
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Introduction Various agents regulate estrogen receptor α (ERα) activity in addition to 17β-estradiol (E 2 ), including peptide growth factors (PGFs) such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1; Ignar-Trowbridge et
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Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Introduction Besides the major roles of estrogens in reproduction and bone health, estrogens have strong impact on the immune system ( Straub 2007 ). In general, estrogens inhibit thymus size and hamper T and B lymphopoiesis, in thymus and
Department of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City P.C. 09340, Mexico
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et al . 1993 ) and also prevents bone loss in young women treated with LH-releasing agonists ( Riis et al . 1990 ). The mechanisms of estrogen-like bone actions of NET are not fully understood, particularly since this steroid molecule neither
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breakdown is regulated or coordinated with neonatal development. Recent research has implicated estrogen signaling in the cyst breakdown process. Neonatal exposure to genistein, an estrogen-like compound from soy, induces multiple oocyte follicles (MOFs) in
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Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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research. Nonetheless, the strongest body of evidence supporting that physical activity is biologically regulated still comes from preclinical studies. Androgens and estrogens are key regulators of reproductive organs but also exert multiple effects on
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of OT mRNA in the magnocellular neurones of the PVN ( Van Tol et al . 1988 ) increases at the onset of puberty and decreases after castration ( Miller et al . 1989 ), suggesting a possible influence of estrogen on OT expression levels. The
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Introduction The steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) regulates numerous physiological and developmental processes in target tissues by binding to its cognate receptors estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) and -β (ESR2) in the presence of numerous co