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Elisa Keating Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Ana Correia-Branco Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João R Araújo Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Manuela Meireles Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Rita Fernandes Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Luísa Guardão Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João T Guimarães Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Fátima Martel Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Conceição Calhau Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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perigestational period result in fetal programing of metabolic dysfunction during post-natal life? To address this central question, we studied the effect of a perigestational supplementation of the diet of Sprague–Dawley (SD) female rats with high levels of FA on

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Ali Aflatounian Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Melissa C Edwards Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Valentina Rodriguez Paris Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Michael J Bertoldo Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Laboratory for Ageing Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Reena Desai Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Robert B Gilchrist Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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William L Ledger Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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David J Handelsman Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Kirsty A Walters Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in intact and ovariectomized immature female rats . Biology of Reproduction 15 107 – 114 . ( https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod15.1.107 ) Azziz R Carmina E Dewailly D Diamanti-Kandarakis E Escobar

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Edouard G A Mills Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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Waljit S Dhillo Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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Alexander N Comninos Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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facilitates a range of reproductive behaviours, which act as important precursors to reproduction. In non-primate female mammals, male tactile stimuli lead to the female adopting a lordosis posture, crucial for reproductive success, characterised by ventral

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Hen Prizant Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Human Reproduction, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, PO Box 693, Rochester, New York 14642, USA

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Norbert Gleicher Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Human Reproduction, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, PO Box 693, Rochester, New York 14642, USA

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Aritro Sen Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Human Reproduction, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, PO Box 693, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Human Reproduction, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, PO Box 693, Rochester, New York 14642, USA

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–pituitary axis or metabolic tissues. The development of the global AR knockout (ARKO) female mouse models in the mid- and late 2000 established the importance of direct androgen action through ARs in normal female reproduction. The first Ar -null model ( Lyon

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Natallia Shved
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Giorgi Berishvili
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Helena D'Cotta Division of Neuroendocrinology, CIRAD-EMVT UPR20, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland

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Jean-François Baroiller Division of Neuroendocrinology, CIRAD-EMVT UPR20, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland

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Helmut Segner Division of Neuroendocrinology, CIRAD-EMVT UPR20, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland

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Elisabeth Eppler
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Manfred Reinecke
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Introduction Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays a central role in the complex system that regulates growth, differentiation, and reproduction. It selectively promotes mitogenesis and differentiation and inhibits apoptosis ( Jones & Clemmons

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Emily Panagiotidou Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Sophia Zerva Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Dimitra J Mitsiou Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Michael N Alexis Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Efthymia Kitraki Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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-opiomelanocortin ( Pomc ) mRNA levels. Materials and methods Animals and experimental design Female Wistar rats (10 weeks old) were used for breeding. Pregnancy was determined by vaginal smears and pregnant animals were randomly assigned into either the control or the BPA

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Jonathan Lindzey Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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Friederike L Jayes Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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Mariana M Yates Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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John F Couse Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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Kenneth S Korach Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, MD B3-02, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania 17745, USA

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ovariectomized female rodents restores to normal the hypothalamic levels of GnRH mRNA ( Zoeller & Young 1988 , Zoeller et al. 1988 ), GnRH content ( Wise et al. 1981 a ), and GnRH secretion ( Wise & Ratner 1980 , Wise et al. 1981 b ). However, in vitro

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Jeremy T Smith School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Peter J Mark School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Brendan J Waddell School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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JL, Weigle DS, Clifton DK & Steiner RA 1997 Leptin is a metabolic gate for the onset of puberty in the female rat. Endocrinology 138 855 –858. Clarke IJ & Henry BA 1999 Leptin and reproduction. Reviews in

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Fazal Wahab Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany

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Ikram Ullah Khan Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Ignacio Rodriguez Polo Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Hira Zubair Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Charis Drummer Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Muhammad Shahab Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Rüdiger Behr Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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reproductive life. However, the reproductive axis performance in adults is sensitive to the current nutritional status of the body, environmental cues and the systemic steroid milieu in both male and female ( Winter et al. 1987 , Clarke & Caraty 2013

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Marie M Devillers Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Florence Petit Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Victoria Cluzet Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Charlotte M François Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Frank Giton APHP CIB GHU Sud Henri Mondor, INSERM IMRB U955, Eq.07, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France

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Ghislaine Garrel Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Céline J Guigon Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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concentrations in infantile female mice . Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 43 189 – 192 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0430189 ) 10.1530/jrf.0.0430189 1127637 Durlinger AL Gruijters MJ Kramer P Karels B Kumar TR Matzuk MM Rose UM de Jong FH

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