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indicate that these proteins possess functions in addition to their proposed roles in lipogenesis. Lipid droplet assembly Central to the adipocyte's role as a fat storage organ is the ability to store lipid species in an inert form within the cell as a
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-term storage ( Uyeda & Repa 2006 ). Mice deleted for both alleles of Mlxipl display diminished rates of hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis resulting in high liver glycogen content, low plasma free fatty acid and reduced adipose tissue mass ( Iizuka et al
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Department of Human Metabolism, Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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lipogenesis further increases lipid content and can lead to hepatic steatosis. Impaired insulin action in the adipose tissue allows for increased lipolysis, which additionally promotes re-esterification of lipids in other tissues (such as liver and muscle) and
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Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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de novo lipogenesis ( Townsend & Tseng 2014 , Marlatt & Ravussin 2017 ). Although our previous findings have revealed the role of TKT in limiting lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissues ( Tian et al. 2020 ), the function of TKT in
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substrate for de novo lipogenesis. Propionate enters the TCA cycle as succinyl-CoA, which can be used as a precursor for hepatic gluconeogenesis. The maximum ATP (adenosine triphosphate) yield from complete oxidation of acetate, propionate and butyrate is
Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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novo lipogenesis. Moreover, enhanced lipolysis and decreased lipid storage capacity of the dysfunctional adipose tissue provide FFAs and glycerol that increase re-esterification of TAG, exacerbating hepatosteatosis and liver insulin resistance. DAG
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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storage organ, adipose tissue stores TGs and releases fatty acids through lipogenesis and lipolysis, respectively. Systemically, feeding stimulates the lipogenic pathway and storage of TGs in the adipose tissue, while fasting induces the activation of
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K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP), both of which control protein synthesis. Recent data indicate that mTORC1 promotes lipogenesis via the phosphorylation of a phosphatidic acid phosphatase Lipin 1 and nuclear
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lipogenesis has been shown before in liver slices from rats exposed to cold that had a reduced ability to convert 14 C-acetate into 14 C-fatty acids ( Masoro et al. 1957 ). Our data show that the reduced hepatic lipogenesis is the result of the reduced
Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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of cardiovascular tissue, promoting proinflammatory phenotypes in immune cells, and dysfunction of adipocytes (reduced thermogenesis, increased lipogenesis, adipogenesis, and inflammation). In these non-epithelial tissues, cortisol can also activate