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Introduction Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II are potent regulators of both differentiation and proliferation of myogenic cells ( Florini et al. 1996 , Lawlor & Rotwein 2000 , Tureckova et al. 2001 ). The
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Introduction Linear growth and skeletal development are tightly regulated processses that are highly dependent on GH signalling and action. Clinical studies have shown that growth and skeletal development are impaired during periods of uncontrolled
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Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, PO Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel
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diabetic features observed in female MKR mice compared with male MKR mice. In addition, we investigated the effects of ovariectomy and the consequent alterations in the metabolic phenotype on the growth of Mvt-1 mammary cancer cells inoculated into the
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Investigations on growth in immature pigs following hypophysectomy are inconclusive. Robinson (1937) has reported that immature pigs do not maintain skeletal growth after hypophysectomy. Results are presented on growth and development of immature hypophysectomized pigs.
Hydrochlorothiazide (25–50 mg.) and cortisone acetate (25–50 mg.) were given intramuscularly before anaesthesia. Crossbred pigs, in halothane and oxygen anaesthesia, were hypophysectomized as described by du Mesnil du Buisson, Léglise & Chodkiewicz (1964). Six female pigs were hypophysectomized at 66–125 days of age. Five male pigs were hypophysectomized at 84–89 days of age, and four were killed about 100 days later. An intact litter-mate control animal was maintained for each hypophysectomized pig. All pigs were weighed twice weekly.
Examination of the sella turcica of each hypophysectomized male pig at the time of killing showed no residual pituitary tissue. Five of the six female pigs were completely hypophysectomized when examined at the time of death. One
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influence of irisin on skeletal muscle amino acid uptake and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remains unknown. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a key insulin-related peptide primarily synthesized in the liver, binds to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R
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Introduction The chronic stress associated with a variety of adverse environmental conditions has been shown to suppress somatic growth in fish. For example, prolonged crowding ( Pickering & Pottinger 1989 , Trenzado et al . 2006 ), repeated
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growth hormone (GH), a protein that contains 191 amino acids and 22 kDa. GH is secreted in a pulsatile manner under the control of neuropeptides released by hypothalamic neurons. The hypothalamic secretion of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates
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Introduction Human epidemiological studies have shown that impaired intrauterine growth is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and other diseases in later life ( Barker 1994 ). These associations have led to the concept
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cytokines interfere with insulin signaling in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, leading to the development of whole-body insulin resistance ( Wellen & Hotamisligil 2005 , Shoelson et al . 2006 ). All three cytokines also impair insulin-like growth factor
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repercussions if the altered regulatory processes are rigidly established. This review presents the evidence of an attenuated late gestation leptin surge in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) or preterm infants. With IUGR and prematurity each affecting at
