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Taeko Nishiwaki-Ohkawa Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

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Takashi Yoshimura Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

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was originally known to promote the maturation of juvenile animals and maintain the basal metabolic rate ( Joseph-Bravo et al. 2015 ). There has been increasing evidence that TH is responsible for seasonal reproduction ( Dawson et al. 2001

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L Johnsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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A H Kongsted Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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M O Nielsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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tissues and regulate oxygen consumption and overall metabolic rate. THs increase RNA synthesis of target genes and increase mitochondrial oxidation. There are reports of altered thyroid function associated with both development of the metabolic syndrome

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Aline Cordeiro
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Luana Lopes de Souza
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Lorraine Soares Oliveira
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Larissa Costa Faustino
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Letícia Aragão Santiago
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Flavia Fonseca Bloise
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Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
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Norma Aparecida dos Santos Almeida Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
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, especially in lipid metabolism ( Ness et al . 1990 , Rodgers et al . 2005 , Hashimoto et al . 2006 , Li et al . 2007 ). Moreover, TH is a major determinant of the basal metabolic rate of cells, accelerating metabolic processes that lead to increases in

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Sangeeta Maity Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India

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Dipak Kar Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India

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Kakali De Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India

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Vivek Chander Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India

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Arun Bandyopadhyay Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India

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, dysfunction ultimately leading to heart failure. Cardiac hypertrophy ensuing hyperthyroidism is due to the hyper-dynamic circulatory system that results from an enhanced metabolic rate, increased blood volume, and decreased peripheral resistance, and all these

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Lisa D Madison Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Jarrad M Scarlett Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Peter Levasseur Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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XinXia Zhu Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Kenneth Newcomb Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Ayesha Batra Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Darren Bowe Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Daniel L Marks Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center for the Study of Weight Regulation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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inflammation and malignancy act on the central nervous system (CNS) to alter the release and function of a number of key neurotransmitters, thereby altering both appetite and metabolic rate ( Plata-Salaman 1989 , 1999 , Tisdale 1997 , Inui 1999 b ). In

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Gideon Hen Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

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Sara Yosefi Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

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Victoria Simchaev Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

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Dmitry Shinder Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

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Victor J Hruby Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

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Miriam Friedman-Einat Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

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growth rate ( Ohta et al. 2004 , Sato et al. 2006 ) and have higher brain levels of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( Saito et al. 2004 ). In agreement with these results, broilers were also shown to have lower basal metabolic rate

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Jeremy T Smith School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Peter J Mark School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Brendan J Waddell School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Introduction Leptin, the 16 kDa peptide product of the ob gene, is synthesized primarily by adipocytes and acts via the hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase metabolic rate ( Campfield et al. 1995 , Pelleymounter et

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Yi Lin Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA

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Zhongjie Sun Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA

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.2002 . Singer MA 2001 Of mice and men and elephants: metabolic rate sets glomerular filtration rate . American Journal of Kidney Diseases 37 164 – 178 doi:10.1016/S0272-6386(01)80073-1 . Steffes MW Osterby R Chavers B Mauer SM 1989

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Hidenori Nagao Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Synthetic Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd

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Tetsuya Imazu Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Synthetic Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd

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Hiroyuki Hayashi Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Synthetic Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd

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Kenjo Takahashi Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Synthetic Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd

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Kouichi Minato Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Synthetic Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd

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inorganic iodide (3–5 mg/day). It has been subsequently shown that daily administration of 5 mg iodide to Tx rats partially restores their heart rate, metabolic rate, gonad and adrenal size and function, and pituitary acidophils ( Evans et al . 1966

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Z Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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P H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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E Foppen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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H C van Beeren Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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A Kalsbeek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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A Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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E Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Introduction Thyroid hormone (TH) is a major determinant of basal metabolic rate as well as glucose and lipid metabolism ( Mullur et al . 2014 , Sinha et al . 2014 ). A number of recent studies have shown that in addition to the well

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