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Sojin Lee Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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H Henry Dong Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) on key functions in diverse pathways including cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, oxidative stress, cell survival and senescence, autophagy and aging in mammals ( Accili & Arden 2004 ). As a result, genetic

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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70 years of clinical experience. On the other hand, in functional androgen deficiency due to axis suppression because of age-related comorbidities, treatment may aim for a specific health outcome, such as improvement of glucose metabolism, and

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Rita Sharma Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Quyen Luong Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Vishva M Sharma Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Mitchell Harberson Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Brian Harper Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Andrew Colborn Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Darlene E Berryman Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Niels Jessen Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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John J Kopchick Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Vishwajeet Puri Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Kevin Y Lee Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Growth hormone decreases visceral fat and improves cardiovascular risk markers in women with hypopituitarism: a randomized, placebo-controlled study . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93 2063 – 2071 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007

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Zachary Silver Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Sam Abbott-Tate Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Lindsay Hyland Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Frances Sherratt Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Barbara Woodside Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Alfonso Abizaid Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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). This paradigm reliably produces symptoms of metabolic syndrome and Cushing’s syndrome in male mice ( Karatsoreos et al. 2010 ). In contrast to our expectation, results from this study suggested that the effects of chronic CORT on metabolism were

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Lars P Klieverik Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Ewout Foppen Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of
Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Mariëtte T Ackermans Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Mireille J Serlie Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Hans P Sauerwein Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Thomas S Scanlan Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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David K Grandy Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Eric Fliers Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Andries Kalsbeek Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of
Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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hypothalamus, regulates most of the processes affected by thyronamines (body temperature, cardiac function, and energy metabolism). Moreover, a principal role in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism has recently emerged for the hypothalamus ( Obici et al

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H. ADLERCREUTZ
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CONTENTS

Introduction

Biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in the normal liver of animals

Biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in the damaged liver of animals

Biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in the normal human liver

The role of conjugation of oestrogens in their biological inactivation

Role of the enterohepatic circulation in the biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in human subjects

Oestrogen metabolism in human subjects with liver disease

Studies in vitro

Studies on urinary excretion of oestrogens using biological and chemical methods

Studies on the biological effects of oestrogens on the vaginal smear and urinary sediment in liver disease

Studies on the mechanism leading to increased oestrogen excretion and to symptoms of increased oestrogen activity in the organism

The relation of the disturbed metabolism of oestrogens to the clinical symptoms seen in liver disease

Conclusions

References

INTRODUCTION

The nature of the changes in oestrogen metabolism in liver

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Giselle Adriana Abruzzese Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Florencia Heber Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvana Rocío Ferreira Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María José Ferrer Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alicia Beatriz Motta Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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, whether prenatal androgen excess may affect ovarian functions and steroid production through lipid metabolism alterations requires further studies. In the ovaries, lipids play a major role in reproductive and metabolic functions. Steroidogenesis

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A Margot Umpleby Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Metabolic Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Manor Park, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK

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Introduction The global increase in obesity has led to an increased focus on understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes

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Haijiang Wu Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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Xinna Deng Departments of Oncology & Immunotherapy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Yonghong Shi Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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Ye Su Mathew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Jinying Wei Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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Huijun Duan Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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wide range of transcription factors involved in cellular energy metabolism. By regulating the activities of these transcription factors, PGC-1α acts as a molecular switch for multiple cellular processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis and

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Fausto Bogazzi
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Francesco Raggi
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Federica Ultimieri
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Dania Russo
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Aldo D'Alessio Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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Antonella Manariti Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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Sandra Brogioni
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Luca Manetti
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Enio Martino
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-overexpressing bovine (b) GH have many features of patients with Acro, including heart hypertrophy and impaired energetic metabolism ( Bollano et al . 2000 , Fu et al . 2000 , Omerovic et al . 2000 ). However, young and elder acromegalic (Acro) mice differed as: i

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