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Cristina Velasco Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain

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Marta Librán-Pérez Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain

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Cristina Otero-Rodiño Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain

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Marcos A López-Patiño Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain

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Jesús M Míguez Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain

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José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain

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José L Soengas Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain

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mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2a (UCP2a) and inward rectifier K + channel pore type 6.x-like (Kir6.x-like). Finally, we also evaluated changes in other integrative sensors such as mRNA abundance of AMPKα1, SIRT1 and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Materials and

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Margo P Emont Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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Hui Yu Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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Jun Wu Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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, which express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a major component of the thermogenic program and a specific marker of thermogenic adipocytes ( Cannon & Nedergaard 2004 ). UCP1 is activated by long-chain fatty acids and increases the conductance of the inner

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K L Davies Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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E J Camm Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia

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D J Smith Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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O R Vaughan Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK

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A J Forhead Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

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A J Murray Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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A L Fowden Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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figure is available at https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0171 . Figure 5 Mean (± s.e.m. ) relative gene expression of UCP2 (panels A and B), UCP3 (panels C and D), and ANT1 (panels E and F) and of ANT1 protein abundance (panels G and H

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Lovisa Lundholm
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Milica Putnik
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Michio Otsuki Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden

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Sandra Andersson
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Claes Ohlsson Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden

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Jan-Åke Gustafsson
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Karin Dahlman-Wright
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melting curve analysis to confirm a single product. A TaqMan probe-based protocol was used for glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), ERα, and β (ER sequences from Lundholm et al . 2004 ). mRNA levels were calculated using the

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Erica Sarchielli Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Paolo Comeglio Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Sandra Filippi Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Care, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Ilaria Cellai Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Giulia Guarnieri Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Daniele Guasti Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Elena Rapizzi Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Giulia Rastrelli Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Daniele Bani Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Gabriella Vannelli Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Linda Vignozzi Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy

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Annamaria Morelli Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Mario Maggi Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
Endocrinology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy

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), uncoupled protein-2 (UCP2; P  < 0.001 vs RD and HFD; Fig. 5D ) and UCP3 ( P  < 0.01 vs RD, P  < 0.05 vs HFD; Fig. 5E ). Interestingly, the brown adipose tissue-specific UCP1 mRNA was significantly reduced by HFD ( P  < 0.05 vs RD; Fig. 5F ) and

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Joan Villarroya Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

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Rubén Cereijo Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

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Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

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Marion Peyrou Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

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Marta Giralt Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

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Francesc Villarroya Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

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synthesis in order to produce heat, owing to the unique presence of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in brown adipocyte mitochondria, and this makes the brown adipocytes specialised for the consumption of metabolic foodstuffs to produce heat. Currently, we

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Maitrayee Sahu Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Prashanth Anamthathmakula Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Abhiram Sahu Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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the MBH, liver and BAT were extracted from male and female Pde3b Nkx2.1 KO and control mice for Pomc , Npy and Agrp gene expression in the MBH, uncoupling protein 1 ( Ucp1 ) gene expression in the BAT, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1

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Yang Chen School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Xin Li School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Jing Zhang Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Mingjiao Zhang Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Salah Adlat Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Xiaodan Lu Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Dan Li Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Honghong Jin Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Chenhao Wang Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Zin Mar Oo Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Farooq Hayel Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Quangang Chen School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xufeng Han School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Renjin Chen School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xuechao Feng Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Luqing Zhang Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Yaowu Zheng Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China

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-1, PGC-1α and Prdm16 , the BAT-specific markers, was increased by 130, 34 and 84%, respectively ( Fig. 2A ). Gene expression of Leptin was decreased by 96% and that of UCP-1 and Prdm16 was increased by 50 and 130% in gWAT, respectively ( Fig. 2B

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Meng Guo School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Yuna Li School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Yan Wang School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Zhenkun Li School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaohong Li School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Peikun Zhao School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Changlong Li School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Jianyi Lv School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Xin Liu School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaoyan Du School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Zhenwen Chen School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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-binding protein 1c ( Srebp 1c ) and triglyceride hydrolysis genes coding for lipoprotein lipase ( Lpl ), fatty acid oxidation genes coding for carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 ( Cpt 1 ) and energy expenditure gene coding for uncoupling protein 2 ( Ucp2 ), all

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Lourdes M Andino Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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Daniel J Ryder Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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Alexandra Shapiro Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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Michael K Matheny Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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Yi Zhang Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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Melanie K Judge Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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K Y Cheng Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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Nihal Tümer Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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Philip J Scarpace Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
Departments of, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aging and Geriatrics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA

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(UCP1; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) diluted 1:400, TH (Pel-freez, Rogers, AK, USA) diluted 1:8000, or MC4R (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) diluted 1:3000 were used. Immunoreactivity was measured on a Storm860 Phosphorimager (GE Healthcare Life

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