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Giselle Adriana Abruzzese Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Florencia Heber Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvana Rocío Ferreira Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María José Ferrer Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alicia Beatriz Motta Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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). Triglycerides are a major energy source and the predominant form of energy storage in several cell types, together with fatty acids, normally stored as lipid droplets in ovarian cells ( Wu et al. 2010 ). Fatty acid and glucose oxidation provide energy

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Giselle Adriana Abruzzese Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Florencia Heber Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvana Rocio Ferreira Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Leandro Martin Velez Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Roxana Reynoso Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Omar Pedro Pignataro Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alicia Beatriz Motta Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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are many hypotheses about its origin ( Yasui et al . 2012 , Lee et al . 2014 ). Currently, the most accepted model proposes a multiple and parallel hits hypothesis. Fatty acids and their metabolites are the lipotoxic agents involved in NAFLD

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Sihan Lv Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Xinchen Qiu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Jian Li Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Jinye Liang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Weida Li Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Chao Zhang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Zhen-Ning Zhang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Bing Luan Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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& Karin 2012 ). Disrupted lipid metabolism including fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis in liver results in the development of hepatic steatosis and contributes to the development of hepatic insulin resistance ( Marchesini et al . 2003

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A Hourvitz Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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E Gershon Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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J D Hennebold Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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S Elizur Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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E Maman Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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C Brendle Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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E Y Adashi Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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N Dekel Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

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of these genes, those encoding C-FABP (cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein), the interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain, and preponociceptin, were validated by Northern blot hybridization analysis and further characterized. Taken together, these

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Caitlin S Wyrwoll School of Anatomy and Human Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Peter J Mark School of Anatomy and Human Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Trevor A Mori School of Anatomy and Human Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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Brendan J Waddell School of Anatomy and Human Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia

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& Kelly 2006 ), whereas UCP3 promotes fatty acid oxidation ( MacLellan et al . 2005 ) and glucose uptake ( Huppertz et al . 2001 ), and limits mitochondrial damage via effects on lipid peroxidation ( Brand et al . 2002 ). The interactive effects of a

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Sung-Soo Park Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Yeon-Joo Lee Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Sooyeon Song Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Boyong Kim Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea

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Hyuno Kang Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea

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Sejong Oh Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Eungseok Kim Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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unexplored. The liver plays a key role in whole-body energy homeostasis by regulating lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation ( Reddy & Rao 2006 ). A large body of evidence has shown that two transcription factors, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c

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Sandra Zárate Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Mariana Astiz Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP, UNLP-CONICET) and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

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Natalia Magnani Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Mercedes Imsen Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Florencia Merino Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvia Álvarez Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Analía Reinés Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias ‘Prof. E. De Robertis’ (IBCN, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina and Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Adriana Seilicovich Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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, mostly composed of phospholipids, are main targets of oxidative damage due to their physicochemical properties and the chemical reactivity of their fatty acid (FA) double bonds ( Pamplona 2008 , Paradies et al. 2011 ). In fact, membrane phospholipid

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Melanie Tran Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

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Golam Mostofa Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

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Michael Picard Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

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Jianguo Wu Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

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Li Wang Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

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Dong-Ju Shin Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

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timepoints 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after the 6 h fasting period, then cell lysates were collected for immunoblotting analyses. Biochemical analysis Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) enzyme activity was measured in livers of HFHS-fed mice using a

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Lihong Fu Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yixuan Qiu Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Linyan Shen Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Canqi Cui Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Shuang Wang BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China

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Shujie Wang Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yun Xie Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xinjie Zhao Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China

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Xianfu Gao Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

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Guang Ning Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Aifang Nie Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yanyun Gu Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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. The taxa changed after transient abx treatment include those short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and/or bile acids (BAs) convertors, hereafter, the transient abx treatment also disturbs the production of these main bacteria metabolites ( Jiang

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Liisa Ailanen Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling; Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Suvi T Ruohonen Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Laura H Vähätalo Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Katja Tuomainen Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Kim Eerola Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Henriikka Salomäki-Myftari Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling; Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Matias Röyttä Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Asta Laiho Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland

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Markku Ahotupa Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Helena Gylling Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Eriika Savontaus Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku; Turku University Hospital, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku, Finland

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contribute to hepatic lipogenesis, VLDL-triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-cholesterol secretion, fatty acid (FA) oxidation and increased serum cholesterol levels (Zarjevski et al. 1993, Stafford et al. 2008, Zhang et al. 2010, Bruinstroop et al. 2012, Xie

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