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Crystal Ying Wang Department of Zoology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

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Yajun Wang Department of Zoology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

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Amy Ho Yan Kwok Department of Zoology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

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Frederick C Leung Department of Zoology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

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with four transmembrane domains, such as truncated gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and V2 vasopressin receptor (No2), could act as an inhibitor to control the signaling of GPCR by directing degradation of full-length receptor and diminishing its

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Shabana Anjum
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Amitabh Krishna
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Kazuyoshi Tsutsui Department of Zoology, Department of Biology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Introduction Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hypothalamic decapeptide hormone known to regulate reproductive functions in mammals by modulating the biosynthesis and release of gonadotropins, namely luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle

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Ingrid Segers Follicle Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium

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Tom Adriaenssens Follicle Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium

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Sandra Wathlet Follicle Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium

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Johan Smitz Follicle Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium

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gonadotropin and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in a pre- and postovulatory mouse follicle culture model . Fertility and Sterility 93 1464 – 1476 . ( doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.136 ) Forsythe JA Jiang BH Iyer NV Agani F Leung SW

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Raúl M Luque Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain

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Rhonda D Kineman Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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(10 nM) for 4 h and 24 h (experiment for the comparison between the two somatostatin gene-encoded peptides); (4) NST or SST alone (10 nM) or in combination with acylated-ghrelin (10 nM) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 10 nM) for 4 h. In

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Ann R Finch Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Kathleen R Sedgley Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Christopher J Caunt Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Craig A McArdle Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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diseases of 7TM receptor trafficking. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2, GnRH-I) acts via G αq -coupled 7TM receptors to stimulate phospholipase C (PLC). The consequent mobilization of Ca 2+ and activation

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Waljit S Dhillo Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Kevin G Murphy Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Steve Bloom Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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central processors in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 147 1154 –1158. Flier JS 2006 AgRP in energy balance: will the real AgRP please stand up? Cell Metabolism 3 83 –85

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V Squicciarini Center for Neurobiochemical Studies in Endocrine Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

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R Riquelme Center for Neurobiochemical Studies in Endocrine Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

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K Wilsterman Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

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G E Bentley Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

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H E Lara Center for Neurobiochemical Studies in Endocrine Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

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PCOS is an increased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) causing changes in ovarian function via pituitary gonadotropins ( Chang 2007 , Goodarzi et al . 2011 ). RFRP-3 inhibits gonadotropin release via its action on hypothalamic GnRH

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Jens Mittag Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Wiebke Oehr Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Heike Heuer Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Tuula Hämäläinen Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Bent Brachvogel Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Ernst Pöschl Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Karl Bauer Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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indicated that A5 not only enhances gonadotropin secretion following stimulation by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; Kawaminami et al . 2002 ), but also stimulates basal PRL secretion while counteracting thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) induced

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Christopher J Scott School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Jessica L Rose School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Allan J Gunn Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Briony M McGrath School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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gonadotropin releasing hormone surge in the ewe . Endocrinology 139 1752 – 1760 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.139.4.5904 ) 10.1210/endo.139.4.5904 9528959 Caraty A Smith JT Lomet D Ben Saïd S Morrissey A Cognie J Doughton B Baril G Briant C Clarke IJ

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Rodolfo C Cardoso Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA
Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Bruna R C Alves Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Ligia D Prezotto Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA
Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Jennifer F Thorson Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA
Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Luis O Tedeschi Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Duane H Keisler Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Marcel Amstalden Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Gary L Williams Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA
Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Division of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USA

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Introduction The pubertal initiation of high-frequency, episodic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is largely dependent upon metabolic cues throughout prepubertal development. Growth restriction during the juvenile period has been

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