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Department of Physiology, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, Texas TX 78245, USA
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provided a very thorough review of the potential significance of adrenarche in human biology. He convincingly links DHEAS to increased brain development, extended life span, and decreased sexual dimorphism. These ideas indicate that the significance of
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for spermatogonial differentiation. Therefore, details about how FSH may contribute to maintenance of SSCs by regulating the expression of GDNF or other factors in sexually mature animals have not been determined. Retinol and retinoic acid Vitamin A is
AgResearch Invermay, Department of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Robinson Research Institute, Puddle Alley, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
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. (1979) reported mesonephric cell migration into the ovary before day 30 (i.e. before gonadal sexual differentiation) in sheep, more recent studies of mice have indicated that initial mesonephric cell migration is dependent on the expression of sry and
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( Butcher et al . 1974 , Robker & Richards 1998 , Freeman 2006 ). Actions of E 2 at the hypothalamus can induce female sexual receptivity ( Pfaff 1980 ). After fertilization, E 2 influences the rate of passage of fertilized ova through the fallopian
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( Jalabert 2005 ). Spermatogenesis occurs in cysts, enveloping a single germ cell clone, and cyst-forming Sertoli cells retain their capacity to proliferate throughout adulthood ( Schulz et al. 2010 ). Zebrafish are sexually mature from approximately 3
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Kobayashi T Wang DS Sakai F Paul-Prasanth B Nakamura M Nagahama Y 2008 Sexual dimorphic expression of genes in gonads during early differentiation of a teleost fish, the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Biology of Reproduction
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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ovary-like structure (juvenile ovary), which will either develop into a definite ovary in females or transform into a testis in males around 45 days post-fertilization (dpf; Chen & Ge 2013 ). It takes ∼3 months to reach sexual maturity ( Clelland & Peng
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. Life Sciences 36 1169 – 1174 . ( doi:10.1016/0024-3205(85)90234-6 ) Shapiro BH Goldman AS 1979 New thoughts on sexual differentiation of the brain . In Genetic Mechanisms of Sexual Development , pp 221 – 252 . Eds Porter IH
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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. Overexpression and knockout (KO) studies suggest that PTH, PTHrP, and PTH1R are important physiologically for the maturation and differentiation of osteoblasts ( Karaplis et al . 1994 , Weir et al . 1996 , Lanske et al . 1999 , Calvi et al . 2001 , Miao
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Steroid Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Medizinische Klinik - Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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). WT-1 is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor, which has been implicated in the development of the indifferent gonad prior to sexual differentiation as well as in the etiology of certain neoplasia. Interestingly, GATA-4 together with WT-1 is