signaling in cardiomyocytes will help elucidate how hormonal signaling modulates myocardial function. Insulin and IGF-I could prevent skeletal muscle cell atrophy and promote myogenesis through forkhead transcription factors (FOXO; Hribal et al
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Tsun-Jui Liu, Hui-Chin Lai, Chih-Tai Ting, and Ping H Wang
Michael Hastings, John S O’Neill, and Elizabeth S Maywood
which dominates circadian day: as noted above, the Clock delta19 mutation, which compromises transcriptional activation, lengthens circadian period in mice to ca. 28 h. Protein stability is another key factor ( Gallego & Virshup 2007 ). In the tau
Weiliang Xia, Dolores D Mruk, Will M Lee, and C Yan Cheng
immunohistochemistry (IHC) Genes with more than twofold change in their expression levels were tabulated and grouped by their general functions (Tables 3 –5 ). Among these are cytokines, transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, genes that regulate ion
O Schakman, H Gilson, and J P Thissen
transcription factor mandatory for differentia tion of satellite cells into muscle fibers ( te Pas et al . 2000 ). Catabolic action of glucocorticoids The stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids on muscle proteolysis results from the activation of the major
B Shan, C Schaaf, A Schmidt, K Lucia, M Buchfelder, M Losa, D Kuhlen, J Kreutzer, M J Perone, E Arzt, G K Stalla, and U Renner
), the regulated subunit of the transcription factor HIF1 ( Harris 2002 , Hickey & Simon 2006 ). The latter is composed of two subunits, the constitutively expressed HIF1B and HIF1A, which is absent under normoxic conditions but is rapidly up
Takahiko Kogai, Saima Sajid-Crockett, Lynell S Newmarch, Yan-Yun Liu, and Gregory A Brent
a paired domain-containing transcription factor PAX8, and cAMP-response element-binding proteins, in response to the TSH/cAMP signal ( Taki et al . 2002 ). PI3K inhibition by LY294002 increases the binding of PAX8 to the NUE in PCCL3 rat thyroid
Lori Cole, Miranda Anderson, Parker B Antin, and Sean W Limesand
transcription factors involved in endocrine cell determination from pluripotent pancreatic progenitors has been established ( Jensen 2004 ). Using this knowledge, we determined PDX1 , NGN3 , and Nkx homeobox proteins, NKX2.2 and NKX6.1 , expression in sheep
Yarikipati Prathibha and Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
Introduction Paired box (PAX) genes encode a family of transcription factors that are involved in the development of various tissues during early embryogenesis in vertebrates. They are known to possess paired domain and derived their name by
Bohan Wang, I Stuart Wood, and Paul Trayhurn
transcriptional regulation by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, HIF-1 ( Grosfeld et al . 2001 , Ambrosini et al . 2002 ). The induction of leptin expression by hypoxia has also been reported in other cell types, including human trophoblast cell lines
Noriko Sakai, Hiromi Terami, Shinobu Suzuki, Megumi Haga, Ken Nomoto, Nobuko Tsuchida, Ken-ichirou Morohashi, Naoaki Saito, Maki Asada, Megumi Hashimoto, Daisuke Harada, Hiroshi Asahara, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Fumiki Shimada, and Kazuhiro Sakurada
-producing cells in vitro . To achieve this, nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 ( NF5A1 that was previously known as SF-1 or AD4BP ) is a key molecule. NF5A1 is the steroidogenic tissue-specific transcription factor that controls the expression
