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Wenpeng Dong Dialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Ye Jia Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Xiuxia Liu Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Huan Zhang Operating theatre, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Tie Li Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Wenlin Huang School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia, USA

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Xudong Chen Gastroenterology Department No. 1, Jilin Central General Hospital, Jilin, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Fuchun Wang Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Weixia Sun Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Hao Wu Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has been identified as a governor of antioxidant and redox signaling. NRF2 activates the transcription of downstream antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase-1 ( Ho1 ) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 ( Nqo1 ) ( Ruiz et

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Tsun-Jui Liu Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hui-Chin Lai Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chih-Tai Ting Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ping H Wang Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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signaling in cardiomyocytes will help elucidate how hormonal signaling modulates myocardial function. Insulin and IGF-I could prevent skeletal muscle cell atrophy and promote myogenesis through forkhead transcription factors (FOXO; Hribal et al

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Michael Hastings Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK

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John S O’Neill Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK

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Elizabeth S Maywood Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK

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which dominates circadian day: as noted above, the Clock delta19 mutation, which compromises transcriptional activation, lengthens circadian period in mice to ca. 28 h. Protein stability is another key factor ( Gallego & Virshup 2007 ). In the tau

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Weiliang Xia Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Dolores D Mruk Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Will M Lee Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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C Yan Cheng Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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immunohistochemistry (IHC) Genes with more than twofold change in their expression levels were tabulated and grouped by their general functions (Tables 3 –5 ). Among these are cytokines, transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, genes that regulate ion

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O Schakman Unité de Diabétologie et Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Louvain, 54 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

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H Gilson Unité de Diabétologie et Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Louvain, 54 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

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J P Thissen Unité de Diabétologie et Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Louvain, 54 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

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transcription factor mandatory for differentia tion of satellite cells into muscle fibers ( te Pas et al . 2000 ). Catabolic action of glucocorticoids The stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids on muscle proteolysis results from the activation of the major

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B Shan
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C Schaaf
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A Schmidt
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K Lucia
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M Buchfelder Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany

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M Losa Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany

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D Kuhlen Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany

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J Kreutzer Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany

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M J Perone Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany
Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany

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E Arzt Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany
Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IBioBA–CONICET, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany

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G K Stalla
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U Renner
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), the regulated subunit of the transcription factor HIF1 ( Harris 2002 , Hickey & Simon 2006 ). The latter is composed of two subunits, the constitutively expressed HIF1B and HIF1A, which is absent under normoxic conditions but is rapidly up

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Takahiko Kogai Physiology, Departments of

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Saima Sajid-Crockett Physiology, Departments of

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Lynell S Newmarch Physiology, Departments of

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Yan-Yun Liu Physiology, Departments of

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Gregory A Brent Physiology, Departments of
Physiology, Departments of

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a paired domain-containing transcription factor PAX8, and cAMP-response element-binding proteins, in response to the TSH/cAMP signal ( Taki et al . 2002 ). PI3K inhibition by LY294002 increases the binding of PAX8 to the NUE in PCCL3 rat thyroid

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Lori Cole Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Agricultural Research Complex

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Miranda Anderson Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Agricultural Research Complex

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Parker B Antin Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Agricultural Research Complex

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Sean W Limesand Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Agricultural Research Complex

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transcription factors involved in endocrine cell determination from pluripotent pancreatic progenitors has been established ( Jensen 2004 ). Using this knowledge, we determined PDX1 , NGN3 , and Nkx homeobox proteins, NKX2.2 and NKX6.1 , expression in sheep

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Yarikipati Prathibha Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Introduction Paired box (PAX) genes encode a family of transcription factors that are involved in the development of various tissues during early embryogenesis in vertebrates. They are known to possess paired domain and derived their name by

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Bohan Wang Obesity Biology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK

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I Stuart Wood Obesity Biology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK

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Paul Trayhurn Obesity Biology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK

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transcriptional regulation by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, HIF-1 ( Grosfeld et al . 2001 , Ambrosini et al . 2002 ). The induction of leptin expression by hypoxia has also been reported in other cell types, including human trophoblast cell lines

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