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Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institutes, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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the β-cell mass and provide improved treatments for T1D and T2D subjects. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from gastrointestinal L cells in response to food ingestion, and has been currently used for the treatment of T2
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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2DM ( Gruden et al. 2016 ). Experimental sleep restriction was also associated with reduction in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in women ( St-Onge et al. 2012 ). These changes in leptin, ghrelin and GLP-1 can contribute to the increase appetite
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European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium
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European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium
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hormones ( Cani et al. 2004 ). Indeed, both oligofructose and inulin have the capacity to reduce dietary intake in rodents by a mechanism that involves anorexigenic and orexigenic gut hormones, that is, an increase in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and
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-phosphate dehydrogenase leading to an increase of cytosolic NAD hydrogen (NADH) levels and altered redox state in hepatocytes. This may also contribute to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and decreased gluconeogenesis in intestinal cells ( He 2020
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gut microbes by increasing SCFA-producing bacteria and mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila while increasing intestinal glucose absorption and glucagon-like peptide-1 production ( McCreight et al. 2016 , Vallianou et al. 2019 ). Although