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Hormone replacement therapy is a tenet of endocrinology. The recognition that growth hormone (GH) is biologically important beyond promoting growth in childhood has only been accepted recently despite its isolation over 70 years ago. In addition
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Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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). Like all members of the large transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, activin A (composed of two β A -subunits, encoded by Inhba/INHBA genes), activin B (β B /β B dimers, encoded by Inhbb/INHBB genes), inhibin A (α/β A dimers, encoded by
South Australian Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Academy for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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cases of mother-son transmission Typically gigantism with prolactin co-hypersecretion due to large mixed somatotroph–lactotroph adenomas +/− hyperplasia (rarely hyperplasia alone) GHRH excess also shown in some cases Marked growth acceleration and
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marsupial is that gonadal differentiation and virilisation of the urogenital tract (which occur in utero in man and mouse) take place after birth ( Fig. 1 ), so the young can be directly manipulated with hormones, growth factors or inhibitors without the
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muscle progenitor cells and muscle protein synthesis and inhibits adipogenic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells ( Herbst & Bhasin 2004 ). Testosterone, following aromatisation to E2, increases growth hormone (GH) secretion from the pituitary
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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references. Global Cre promoters are not shown as they affect all cell types. Cell differentiation signalling molecules also shown with arrows. BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; Wnt, wingless-related integration site; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; PTH
Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Prostate Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
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Prostate Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Prostate Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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AR and prostate specific antigen (PSA). The morphology of tumour foci is categorised into Gleason grade groups to estimate the risk of disease progression ( Epstein et al. 2016 ). Additional growth patterns of prostate adenocarcinoma can be used to
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growth factors, occurs, dysfunction occurs in wounds in diabetes including persistent and prolonged inflammation and a lack of wound maturation ( Golledge & Thanigaimani 2021 ). Identification and utilisation of factors that may reliably predict DFU
Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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pathways in MR-mediated renal fibrosis. Other cellular pathways activated in kidneys from aldosterone-infused animal models include osteopontin, oxidative stress (NOX4, NOX2), connective tissue growth factor, NF-κB activation and TGF beta, many of which are
Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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transcription factors governs androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer growth . Molecular Cell 27 380 – 392 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.041 ) Wang S Guo F Liu K Wang H Rao S Yang P & Jiang C 2008 Endocytosis of the receptor
