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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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secretion including prolonged nocturnal growth hormone secretion as well as early increased morning noradrenaline and adrenaline ( Broussard et al. 2015 ). Short sleep duration (experimental and habitual) has been associated with activation of the
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Introduction In the healthy liver, hepatocyte growth hormone receptor (GHR)-signaling activates multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways to modulate hepatic function ( Dehkhoda et al. 2018 ). It is well accepted that GH signals
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; ↑Pathogens, ↓growth indices, tight junction High circulating levels correlates to T2DM Copper bound to ceruloplasmin positively correlates with IR, BMI, T2DM risk High Cu diets→ enhanced hepatic lipid/TAG content, lipogenic genes Marginal Cu diets
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) generation and Akt activation but also led to significant apoptosis causing growth inhibition ( Lin et al. 2013 ). Interestingly, the effects of metformin to inhibit the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and thereby reducing ROS formation appear to
The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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, Ndufs8 , and Plcg2 were identified as metabolism-related DEGs by Kaur et al. (2012) , Lan et al. (2015) , and us. The other overlapping KEGG pathways involved in oocyte and ovary quality included cell growth and death, replication and repair
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Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institutes, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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( Farilla et al. 2003 , Drucker 2013 ). Activation of GLP-1R on the beta cells also initiates cell growth and survival signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt signaling ( Wang & Brubaker 2002 , Drucker 2013 ). In addition to its insulinotrophic effects