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David W Scoville Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

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Kristin Lichti-Kaiser Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

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Sara A Grimm Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

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Anton M Jetten Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

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these results to publicly available data on the genomic binding of several other islet-enriched transcription factors, in order to determine whether GLIS3 regulates pancreatic beta cell gene transcription by binding to distinct regulatory hubs with other

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Dominique A Glauser Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

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Werner Schlegel Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

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Part I: introduction to FOXO transcription factors Classification and structure of FOXO proteins FOXO transcription factors form a subclass of the large family of Forkhead proteins characterized by the

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Chunchun Wei Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Xianhua Ma Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Kai Su Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Shasha Qi Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Yuangang Zhu The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Junjian Lin Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Chenxin Wang The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Rui Yang Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaowei Chen The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Weizhong Wang Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Weiping J Zhang Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China

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. Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is one of the key transcription factors regulating DNL in liver and intestine ( Iizuka et al . 2004 , Kim et al . 2016 , 2017 , Liu et al . 2017 , Shi et al . 2020 ). Although ChREBP is also

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Michael Mannstadt Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Emily Holick Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Wenping Zhao Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Harald Jüppner Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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orthologs of the Drosophila gene glial cells missing) is a transcription factor which is exclusively expressed during embryonic development in the parathyroid-specific domain that later gives rise to the parathyroid glands ( Kim et al . 1998 , Günther

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Débora Cristina de Moraes
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Mario Vaisman Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21949-900, Brasil

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Flavia Lucia Conceição Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21949-900, Brasil

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Tânia Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
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( Kioussi et al . 1999 ), Tpit ( Lamolet et al . 2001 ) and Prop1 ( Sornson et al . 1996 ). Figure 2 Temporal and spatial activation of pituitary transcription factors. In response to the BMP2–FGF8 ventral–dorsal gradient, pituitary cell lineages are

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Jinke Wang The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China

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Jie Lu The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China

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Guangming Gu The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China

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Yingxun Liu The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China

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Introduction Transcription factors (TFs) are central to almost every fundamental cellular process ( Latchman 2008 , Ladunga 2010 ) and account for ∼5–10% of genes in eukaryotes ( Reece-Hoyes et al . 2005 , Adryan & Teichmann 2006 , Ho et al

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L Grinius Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA

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C Kessler Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA

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J Schroeder Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA

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S Handwerger Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA

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Introduction Transcription factors of the forkhead (FOXO) family of DNA-binding proteins are involved in regulation of diverse cellular functions, such as differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, and survival (for review see

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Eric W-F Lam Cancer Research-UK Laboratories, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Division of Cancer and

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Kunal Shah Cancer Research-UK Laboratories, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Division of Cancer and

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Jan J Brosens Cancer Research-UK Laboratories, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Division of Cancer and

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of intense tissue remodelling. Among these factors are members of the FOXO family of transcription factors. FOXO proteins, functioning downstream of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT oncogenic signalling pathway, are central to a diversity of

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Zhihao Liu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Fengrui Wu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Baowei Jiao Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Xiuyue Zhang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Chongjiang Hu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Baofeng Huang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Linyan Zhou Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Xigui Huang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Zhijian Wang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Yaoguang Zhang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Yoshitaka Nagahama Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Christopher H K Cheng Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Deshou Wang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Introduction The doublesex and mab-3 (DM)-related transcription factor 1 ( Dmrt1 ) belongs to the DM domain gene family. Among the different phyla of the animal kingdom including vertebrates, it is the only gene found to be conserved

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E N Fazio Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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M Everest Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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R Colman Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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R Wang Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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C L Pin Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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pancreatic precursor cells into either acinar, islet or duct cells is apparent morphologically ( Slack 1995 ). The differentiation of these cells is regulated by the correct temporal and spatial expression of a series of transcription factors that direct

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