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Weihua Liu Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Yuqiang Ji Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Haiping Chu Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Mo Wang Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Bin Yang Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Chunyan Yin Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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, Bilkovski et al. 2011 ). Many signal molecules of the Wnt signaling pathway play an essential role in metabolism regulation and tissue inflammation. Wnt/β-Catenin and Wnt/Ca 2+ maintain proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors ( Schulte et al

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Hannah J Welters
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Alina Oknianska
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Kai S Erdmann Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Department of Biochemistry II, Institut fuer Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung), Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, John Bull Building, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK

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Gerhart U Ryffel Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Department of Biochemistry II, Institut fuer Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung), Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, John Bull Building, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK

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Noel G Morgan
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PCR master mix (Rat Wnt Signalling Pathway RT2 Profiler PCR Array; SuperArray cat no. APRN-043A). The PCR was run on a Bio-Rad iCycler, with 1 cycle of 10 min at 95 °C followed by 40 cycles of 15 s at 95 °C and 1 min at 60 °C. Cycle threshold (Ct

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T Suwa
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M Chen
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CL Hawks
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PJ Hornsby
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The mechanisms underlying the differentiation of the adrenal cortex into zones are unclear. Microarray studies on RNA from microdissected zona reticularis (ZR) and zona fasciculata/zona glomerulosa (ZF/ZG) derived from adult human adrenal glands showed that a gene of the dickkopf family (DKK), DKK3, is differentially expressed in the zones. The Dickkopf proteins are morphogens involved in Wnt signalling. Northern blotting showed higher DKK3 transcript levels in ZF/ZG than ZR samples. In situ hybridization on adult human adrenal gland sections showed that DKK3 expression was much higher in the ZG than in the ZF or ZR. DKK3 expression was also higher in the medulla. We screened for expression of other members of the DKK family and the related Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site gene family (WNT), frizzled (FZD), and dishevelled (DVL) gene families. Among dickkopf family members, only DKK3 was expressed at a detectable level in both human and mouse adrenocortical RNA samples. Consistent with previously published data on the effects of Wnt4 gene disruption in the mouse, we found only WNT4 expression within the WNT family in both human and mouse RNA. Northern blotting showed that WNT4 was expressed at a higher level in ZF/ZG cells than in ZR. The higher level of DKK3 and WNT4 expression in ZF/ZG cells was confirmed by real-time PCR. In the frizzled and dishevelled families we found FZD1, FZD2 and DVL3 transcripts in human adrenocortical RNA, and FZD2 and DVL3 in mouse adrenocortical RNA. These data show that a variety of genes of the Wnt signalling pathways are expressed in the adrenal cortex. The zonal distribution of DKK3 expression suggests that it could be involved in zonal differentiation or growth.

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Won Bae Kim Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Christopher J Lewis Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Kelly D McCall Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Ramiro Malgor Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Aimee D Kohn Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Randall T Moon Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Leonard D Kohn Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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). Over the past two decades, the 19 members of the Wnt protein family that have been found in mammals, have all been shown to be cysteine-rich glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands to i) locally activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways in a

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Diego Safian Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Najoua Ryane Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Jan Bogerd Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Rüdiger W Schulz Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway

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, including genes belonging to the Wnt pathway ( Crespo et al. 2016 ). The Wnt signaling system is a conserved cell-to-cell communication system that consists of several Wnt ligands and receptors. This system operates in branches that differ in their

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Tatiana Dorfman Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Yulia Pollak Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Rima Sohotnik Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Arnold G Coran Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Jacob Bejar Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Igor Sukhotnik Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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-catenin-dependent (canonical) and β-catenin-independent (noncanonical) pathways ( Lu et al . 2004 , Turashvili et al . 2006 ). The canonical Wnt signaling pathway regulates cell fate and proliferation, and this signaling is initiated by the binding of Wnt ligands to

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Binbin Guan Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
Department of Endocrinology, FuJian Union hospital, Fuzhou, P R China

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Wenyi Li Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Fengying Li Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Yun Xie Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Qicheng Ni Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Yanyun Gu Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Xiaoying Li Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Qidi Wang Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Hongli Zhang Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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Guang Ning Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China

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them from binding to their receptors, thereby inhibiting the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway ( Kawano & Kypta 2003 ). SFRP5 was one of the most extensively studied proteins in adipose tissue ( Ouchi et al . 2010 , Mori et al . 2012 ). Recently

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Diego Safian Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Jan Bogerd Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Rüdiger W Schulz Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway

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genes belonging to the Wnt signaling pathway. Similar results were reported for rainbow trout testis tissue ( Sambroni et al. 2013 ). The Wnt signaling system is a conserved cell-to-cell communication system that consists of canonical and non

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Virginia Rider Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Kazuto Isuzugawa Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Meryl Twarog Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Stacy Jones Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Brent Cameron Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Kazuhiko Imakawa Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Jianwen Fang Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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G1 transit ( Diehl et al. 1998 ). Secondly, GSK-3β is one component of a multimeric complex containing several proteins including axin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and β-catenin. Activation of the wingless (Wnt) signal transduction pathway

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Yarikipati Prathibha Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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. Conclusion This study demonstrates that pax2 plays an important role in ovarian development and recrudescence of catfish by regulating steroidogenesis either directly or indirectly through Wnt signaling pathway as evident from transient gene

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