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Yasminye D Pettway Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Diane C Saunders Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Marcela Brissova Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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. 1986 , Rouillé et al. 1994 ). In contrast, PC1/3 is highly enriched in intestinal L cells, where MPGF is further processed into glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, and oxyntomodulin ( Mojsov et al. 1986 ) ( Fig. 3A ). Figure 3 Glucagon

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R Paul Robertson Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism Endocrinology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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cleaves proglucagon to form oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-2. The research group led by Roger Unger, a member of which was the master clinician Leonard Madison, developed the first radioimmunoassay for measuring blood glucagon

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Jasleen Kaur Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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Elizabeth R Seaquist Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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Introduction Glucagon is a 29 amino acid pancreatic peptide hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells. It is derived from the precursor hormone proglucagon, which is also a precursor for glucagon-like gut peptides ( Sandoval & D

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Rui Gao Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Samuel Acreman Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Jinfang Ma Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Fernando Abdulkader Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Anna Wendt Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Quan Zhang Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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islets ( Xin et al. 2016 ). It will be possible to address this discrepancy by direct amperometric detection of acetylcholine release ( Keighron et al. 2015 ) from α-cells at single-cell resolution. In addition, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was

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Elliott P Brooks Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Lori Sussel Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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al. 2018 , Dai et al. 2022 ). Incretin peptides are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the intestine and peptides such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) have also been implicated in the

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