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BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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pathways work in unison to impact host metabolic health. Gut peptides/hormones EECs are specialized secretory cells located throughout the GI tract. While EEC subtypes are classically characterized based on the gut peptide they produce (e.g. K
UofL Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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female experimental models in their research designs so as to avoid ‘hormonal’ and other ‘unpredictable’ effects that female models may introduce into the experiments ( Institute of Medicine 2001 ), hence altering already-established mainstream study
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, driven primarily by gestational changes in maternal and placental hormones. These adaptations accommodate the growing conceptus and prepare the mother for parturition and postnatal parenting. Impaired maternal adaptation to pregnancy, particularly from a
Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) Network
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. 1997 , Luton et al. 2004 ) and is a marker for fetal complications. Dehydration will reduce vascular volume and uterine blood flow and may increase antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin ( Theobald 1959 ). This may have consequent effects on preterm birth
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Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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receptor (AR), a transcription factor activated by androgenic hormones such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone, the most common androgen, is metabolized into DHT, which is a more active hormone capable of increased AR binding
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called Ela or Elabela) encodes a hormone that binds to the apelin receptor and is critical to cardiovascular development, with mouse knockout resulting in approximately 50% embryonic lethality ( Freyer et al. 2017 ). Surviving Apela null females
