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Tina Seidu Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

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Patrick McWhorter Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio, USA

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Jessie Myer Department of Biology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Rabita Alamgir Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

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Nicole Eregha Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

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Dilip Bogle Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

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Taylor Lofton Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

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Carolyn Ecelbarger Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

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Stanley Andrisse Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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FFA uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and/or reduced lipid removal. ( Dowman et al. 2010 , Pettinelli et al. 2011 , Berlanga et al. 2014 ). The development of hepatic steatosis in PCOS is unique due to the influence of HA and is multi

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Min Liu Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Shuo Xie Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China

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Weiwei Liu Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Jingjin Li Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Chao Li Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Wei Huang Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Hexin Li Biological Sample Management Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jinghai Song Department of Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

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Hong Zhang Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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lipogenesis and adipogenesis ( Musso et al . 2013 ). Adipose tissue includes adipocytes and a stromal-vascular fraction comprising preadipocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and other immune cells. There are generally two types of adipose

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Chunchun Wei Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Xianhua Ma Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Kai Su Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Shasha Qi Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Yuangang Zhu The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Junjian Lin Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Chenxin Wang The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Rui Yang Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaowei Chen The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Weizhong Wang Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Weiping J Zhang Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China

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adaptation. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is dramatically upregulated during BAT activation to promote uptake of free fatty acids from circulation. β-oxidation can directly provide acetyl-CoA for thermogenesis. However, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) genes, such as

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Cho-Rong Bae Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Kazuya Hasegawa Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Sayaka Akieda-Asai Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Yurie Kawasaki Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Kazuyo Senba Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Youn-Soo Cha Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Yukari Date Frontier Science Research Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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lipogenesis, we evaluated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP; MLX1PL), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the phosphorylation of ACC by using western

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Bettina Geidl-Flueck Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland

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Philipp A Gerber Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland

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hypothesized that an increased de novo lipogenesis after fructose intake in parallel with a decreased fatty acid oxidation leads to hepatic fat deposition. ACC, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CPT1a, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; FA

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Paul W Caton Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Nanda K Nayuni Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Noorafza Q Khan Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Elizabeth G Wood Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Roger Corder Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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et al . 2005 , Bilz et al . 2006 , Rajasekar & Anuradha 2007 , Nagai et al . 2009 ). In humans, consumption of a fructose-rich diet causes insulin resistance, increases uric acid, and stimulates de novo lipogenesis, resulting in increased

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A I Martín Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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E Castillero Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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M Granado Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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M López-Menduiña Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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M A Villanúa Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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A López-Calderón Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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fat stores is not well known. Fat mass loss can be secondary to an increase in lipolysis and/or a decrease in lipogenesis. Lipolysis in WAT is under hormonal control, where the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is the main regulatory pathway in rodent

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Christophe Breton Unité Environnement Périnatal et Croissance, UPRES EA 4489, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université Lille‐Nord de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

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binds to MC4 receptor (MC4R) acts on the opposite way, thereby decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. The adipocyte is a specialised cell that stores excess energy as triacylglycerol (TG) in lipid droplets during lipogenesis. When

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Sébastien Desarzens Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Nourdine Faresse Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
National Center of Competence in Research ‘Kidney.CH’, Zurich, Switzerland

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in lipogenesis, inflammation and secreted adipokines in diet-induced obese Gr fl/fl and Gr ad-ko mice. As shown in Fig. 5A , Gr deletion has a slight or no effects on lipogenic genes as well as adipokines expression. However, pro

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C A Borland
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M C Barber
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M T Travers
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R G Vernon
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Abstract

The chronic inhibitory effect of growth hormone (GH) on lipogenesis in sheep adipose tissue explants was investigated in an in vitro tissue culture system. In the absence of other hormones, GH caused a decrease in the rate of lipogenesis after 6 h of culture. In contrast, when lipogenesis was stimulated by the presence of insulin plus dexamethasone, GH again decreased lipogenesis but after a lag of at least 12 h.

Actinomycin D, an inhibitor of gene transcription, prevented the effect of GH on lipogenesis in both the absence and presence of insulin plus dexamethasone. Actinomycin D added to tissue previously incubated for 6 h in the presence of GH alone prevented further decline in lipogenesis over the next 5 h, suggesting that transcription of a short-lived mediator protein is required for the GH effect to occur.

An increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity was detected in explants exposed to GH, reaching a peak after 12 h incubation; this was prevented by actinomycin D. Methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, partially alleviated the effect of GH on lipogenesis; this was reversed by addition of spermidine. However, spermidine did not reverse the effects of actinomycin D, implicating a short-lived protein in addition to ornithine decarboxylase in the action of GH.

In the absence of other hormones GH had no effect on either the expressed (initial) or total activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but GH prevented the increase in both expressed and total activities of the enzyme induced by insulin plus dexamethasone. Varying lipolysis and fatty acid accumulation in adipose tissue by addition of adenosine deaminase plus indomethacin or bovine serum albumin to the culture medium had no effect on lipogenesis and these agents partly alleviated GH inhibition of lipogenesis. No effect of GH was found on the amount of glycerol released by cultured tissue. GH also had no effect on fatty acid esterification.

Thus the chronic inhibitory effects of GH on lipogenesis involve a protein with a very short half-life. The effect also requires polyamines but does not appear to involve changes in fatty acid concentrations in the cell. In addition GH appears to inhibit lipogenesis and to antagonise insulin-stimulation of lipogenesis by different mechanisms.

Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 235–243

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