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Christian Vollmer Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany

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Ingo Schwartges Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany

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Silke Naber Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany

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Christopher Beck Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany

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Inge Bauer Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany

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Olaf Picker Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany

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( Schwartges et al . 2010 ). Apart from these effects on macro- and microcirculation, HC exerts multiple other changes in homeostasis, like an increase in vasopressin plasma level ( Philbin et al . 1970 , Forsling & Rees 1975 , Farber et al . 1982 , Rose

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Anna Fodor
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Ottó Pintér
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Ágnes Domokos
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Kristina Langnaese Institute of Experimental Medicine, Institut für Biochemie and Zellbiologie, Centre for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary

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István Barna
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Mario Engelmann Institute of Experimental Medicine, Institut für Biochemie and Zellbiologie, Centre for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Institut für Biochemie and Zellbiologie, Centre for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary

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Dóra Zelena
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level are the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Both neuropeptides are synthesized in and released from the parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN; Aguilera 1994 ). After being released

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Gareth Leng Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH9 8XD, UK

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Rafael Pineda Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH9 8XD, UK

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Nancy Sabatier Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH9 8XD, UK

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Mike Ludwig Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH9 8XD, UK

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neurohypophysis in the milk ejection reflex. Journal of Endocrinology 8 148–161. (C) The amount of oxytocin (and vasopressin) that is released from the rat posterior pituitary gland in vitro in response to a fixed number of electrical stimulus pulses varies

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Tatiane Vilhena-Franco Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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André Souza Mecawi Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Healthy Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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José Antunes-Rodrigues Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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experimental model extensively used to study these responses. WD increases osmolality and decreases plasma volume, inducing the release of hormones that act to maintain homeostasis, such as vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT), and the activation of the renin

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Mone Zaidi The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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Maria I New The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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Harry C Blair The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Alberta Zallone Department of Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

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Ramkumarie Baliram The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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Terry F Davies The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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Christopher Cardozo The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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James Iqbal The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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Li Sun The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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Clifford J Rosen Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA

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Tony Yuen The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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intergenerational calcium transfer. Further insight is needed to clarify the role of PRL in bone metabolism and determine the cellular pathways. AVP and bone loss in hyponatremia There are abundant receptors for arginine vasopressin (AVP), namely AVPR1α and

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Eriko Furube Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

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Tetsuya Mannari Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

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Shoko Morita Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

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Kazunori Nishikawa Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

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Ayaka Yoshida Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

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Masanobu Itoh Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

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Seiji Miyata Department of Applied Biology, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

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arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) into the blood circulation from their axonal terminals ( Miyata & Hatton 2002 ). Similarly, they release a variety of neuropeptides into the blood circulation at the median eminence (ME) to control secretion of

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Yoko Fujiwara Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

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Masami Hiroyama Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

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Atsushi Sanbe Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

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Junji Yamauchi Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

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Gozoh Tsujimoto Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

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Akito Tanoue Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

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Introduction Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) are neurohypophysial hormones synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. AVP acts in many organs and plays a variety of

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Hiroshi Nagano Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

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Yuki Sobue Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

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Hayato Matsuyama Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

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Shoichiro Saito Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

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Hiroki Sakai Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

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Firoj Alom Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

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Yasuyuki Tanahashi Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan

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Toshiaki Ishii Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan

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Toshihiro Unno Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

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Introduction Arginine–vasopressin (AVP), an antidiuretic hormone, is synthesized by magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus and subsequently released from

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Willis K Samson
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Gina L C Yosten
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Jaw-Kang Chang Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Inc., Department of Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63104, USA

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Alastair V Ferguson Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Inc., Department of Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63104, USA

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Meghan M White
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peripheral and central origin to inhibit not only water drinking, but also sodium appetite and vasopressin secretion. Here, we sought to determine if the antidipsogenic effect of obestatin could be extended to hypovolemia-induced thirst and salt appetite and

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Toshiki Miyazaki First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Qs' Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan

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Koji Ohmoto First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Qs' Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan

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Tsuyoshi Hirose First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Qs' Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan

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Hiroyuki Fujiki First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Qs' Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan

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vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in body fluid regulation via V 2 receptors in the renal collecting ducts, and altered regulation of AVP is a major factor in developing hyponatremia ( Miller 2006 ). Thus, V 2 receptor antagonism is effective to correct

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